Why we Cannot declare occurs in 01 level?

Why occurs clause cannot be declared at 01 level? according to the manual, a table is defined within a group item with an occurs clause. if the occurs clause were to be declared at the 01 level, there would be no group item, thus no beginning of table resolution.

How do you declare occurs in Cobol?

An index is declared with Occurs clause using INDEXED BY clause. The value of index can be changed using SET statement and PERFORM Varying option. 01 WS-TABLE. 05 WS-A PIC A(10) OCCURS 10 TIMES INDEXED BY I.

Where can we specify occurs clause?

The OCCURS clause can be specified for external or internal floating-point data items. The KEY clause must not be specified for a data item of class object. The Format 3 OCCURS clause must be specified in a data description entry at the 01 level.

Where can we specify occurs clause in Cobol?

The OCCURS clause specifies tables where elements can be referred by indexing or subscripting. The OCCURS clause cannot be specified with level number of 01, 66, 77 or 88 and redefined data item. Each OCCURS clause specified is called as a dimension and up to 7 dimensions can be specified in a table.

Why we use occurs in Cobol?

COBOL - Occurs Clause. OCCURS clause is used to define a table. OCCURS clause indicates the repetition of data name definition. OCCURS clause specifies tables whose elements can be referred to by indexing or subscripting.

Interview Questions and answers on ARRAYS OCCURS

Can occur be coded in 01 level?

The table element definition (which includes the OCCURS clause) is subordinate to the group item that contains the table. The OCCURS clause cannot appear in a level-01 description.

What is Ssrange and Nossrange in COBOL?

SSRANGE is a compiler option that handles the array overflow. SSRANGE also needs to be specified in COBOL programing language. These help in finding the subscript out of range. NOSSRANGE is used for performance-sensitive applications.

What is occurs depending on clause in COBOL?

The COBOL OCCURS … DEPENDING ON clause defines a repeating data element whose number of occurrences is determined by a numeric item. The Plug-in converts this type of element to a repeating element in the XSD.

Why index is faster than subscript in COBOL?

Indexes are more efficient than subscripts since they represent an offset into the array directly rather than having to be converted from an occurrence number to an offset.

Can we display index in COBOL?

Yes, we can. Simply set some ws variable to the index and display that. Index variable is S9(8) comp, takes up one word, it means the physical address in the main storage.

What is the maximum length of PARM parameter in JCL?

The maximum length for the PARM variable is 100 characters, which might cause problems if you use custom directory names.

What is 88 level used for in COBOL?

Level 88s are used to assign names to values at execution time. Thus, a condition-name is not the name of an item, but rather the name of a value. A level 88 doesn't reserve any storage area. Each level 88 must be associated with a data item and must immediately follow that item in the Data Division.

What are level numbers in COBOL?

A level-number is a one-digit or two-digit integer between 01 and 49, or one of three special level-numbers: 66, 77, or 88. The following level-numbers are used to structure records: 01. This level-number specifies the record itself, and is the most inclusive level-number possible.

What is the difference between subscript and index?

Subscript refers to the array occurrence while index is the displacement (in no of bytes) from the beginning of the array. An index can only be modified using PERFORM, SEARCH & SET. Subscript refers to the array occurrence while index is the displacement (in no of bytes) from the beginning of the array.

What is file status 92 in COBOL?

The 92 file status code (LOGIC ERROR) indicates you're attempting to read a NEXT record without having established a current record to read the next record after.

What is static and dynamic call in COBOL?

Static Call occurs when a program is compiled with the NODYNAM compiler option. A static called program is loaded into storage at compile time. Dynamic Call occurs when a program is compiled with the DYNAM and NODLL compiler option. A dynamic called program is loaded into storage at runtime.

Why do we use subscript in COBOL?

A separate element of a table is accessed by using the subscript. It starts from 1 and to refer to the next occurrence it increases one by one. The subscript value can be any positive number. It is automatically created with OCCURS clause, so that it does not need any declaration in data division.

Which is faster index or subscript?

Subscript is slow in accessing table data item. Index is faster in accessing table data item. Subscript can initialize by using MOVE statement.

What is string and Unstring in COBOL?

Unstring verb is used to split one string into multiple sub-strings. Delimited By clause is compulsory. Syntax. Following is the syntax of Unstring verb − UNSTRING ws-string DELIMITED BY SPACE INTO ws-str1, ws-str2 WITH POINTER ws-count ON OVERFLOW DISPLAY message NOT ON OVERFLOW DISPLAY message END-UNSTRING.

What is dynamic array in COBOL?

Re: Dynamic Array

Strictly, Cobol does not have Arrays. It has Tables. A Table which uses Occurs Depending On is defined in the program by the Compiler has using the storage for the maxium value of the OCCURS specified. There is nothing "dynamic" about it in the sense that other languages use that word.

How variable-length is defined in COBOL?

In COBOL, you can use the OCCURS DEPENDING ON syntax to define a variable-length table in a data declaration. The storage for a variable-length table is dynamic, depending on the value in the length specifier variable.

What is Dynam and Nodynam in COBOL?

DYNAM- If we give this compiler option, we need to give only dynamic calls and no static calls in COBOL program. NODYNAM – If we give this compiler option, we can give both static and dynamic calls in the COBOL program. Static CALLs.

What is offset in COBOL?

The Length or Offset of the data item measured in 1-byte increments. The offset origins start at 1, unlike with other languages in which offsets might start at 0. The table item is not a data item, but some other string, such as a program label or paragraph name.

What is 77 level used for in COBOL?

Level 77 is a special level number in COBOL which is used to declare independent data items; they are not subdivisions of other data items and are not subdivided themselves. In earlier days there were differences in storage and processing of level 77 and level 01 elementary data items.