Why do we use calcium hydroxide in direct pulp capping?

Various materials have been used as pulp-capping agents, including bonding agents, cements, resin, calcium hydroxide, and many others [12]. Currently the most promising materials are calcium hydroxide and MTA, since both materials have the capacity to induce bridging of the pulp surface with reparative dentin.

Why is calcium hydroxide used in pulp capping?

Calcium hydroxide continues to be the most accepted material for pulp capping. When calcium hydroxide is placed in contact with the pulp tissue, it preserves vitality, with no inflammatory response, stimulating the formation of a mineralized tissue barrier⁷.

Why calcium hydroxide is used in RCT?

Currently, calcium hydroxide is the most used intracanal dressing, due to its antimicrobial effect within the root canal, which is caused by its dissociation and its indirect and direct actions in the dentinal tubules.

What does calcium hydroxide do in endodontics?

The goal of endodontic treatment is the prevention and control of pulpal and periradicular infections. Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) has been widely used in endodontics as an intracanal medicament to eliminate the remaining microorganisms after chemomechanical preparation.

What is the primary purpose of calcium hydroxide?

What is the primary purpose for placing calcium hydroxide? To promote reparative dentin as a barrier between pulp and restoration.

Direct Pulp Capping

When is calcium hydroxide used as a liner?

Calcium hydroxide liners are used for its bioinductive and antimicrobial activity. It should be only used in the deepest spots in the cavity where the RDT is ≤0.5 mm. The placement of calcium hydroxide should be followed by a layer of RMGI to protect it from its drawbacks.

What are the benefits of calcium hydroxide?

The main advantage of calcium hydroxide is that it has an effect on microorganisms in the absence of direct contact, not only by creating a high pH environment but also by absorbing CO2 required for bacterial growth. The best technique for using calcium hydroxide is to place and condense the paste into the canals.

When is calcium hydroxide used in dentistry?

Calcium hydroxide formulations are also used during treatment of root perforations, root fractures and root resorption and have a role in dental traumatology, for example, following tooth avulsion and luxation injuries.

Is calcium hydroxide a strong base?

Calcium hydroxide is a strong base. Since it produces OH- ions on electrolyte dissociation.

How is calcium hydroxide powder used in dentistry?

Prepare a moderately stiff paste by mixing Calcium Hydroxide Powder with sterile water. 4. Introduce the paste into the canal, packing the paste against the periapical tissue. Close the tooth with a temporary filling material and recall the patient in 2 weeks.

Which form of calcium hydroxide is used for pulp capping?

For many years, conventional or resin-modified calcium hydroxide/oxide–based materials like Dycal^® (since 1962), Life^® (since 1979) and Calxyl^® (since 1988) have been used in clinical practice. Other biomaterials such as Lime-Lite have been proposed as pulp capping agents due to their ability to release Ca and OH ions.

What is the pH of calcium hydroxide?

Estrela and Figueiredo¹³ state that calcium hydroxide is a white alkaline (pH 12.8) powder with poor solubility in water (solubility of 1.2 g.L^–1 of water at 25 °C). It is a strong base obtained by calcining calcium carbonate until it transforms into calcium oxide (quicklime).

Is calcium hydroxide bactericidal?

The lethal effects of calcium hydroxide on bacterial cells are probably due to protein denaturation and damage to DNA and cytoplasmic membranes. Calcium hydroxide has a wide range of antimicrobial activity against common endodontic pathogens but is less effective against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans.

Is calcium hydroxide irritant to pulp?

The beneficial effect of calcium hydroxide is regarded as the result of the chemical injury caused by the hydroxyl ions. limited by a zone offirm necrosis against the vital tissue. and the toleration of calcium ions by the tissue. The firm necrosis causes slight irritation and stimulates the pulp to defense and repair.

Can we use calcium hydroxide under composite?

Studies have shown that calcium hydroxide “softens” under amalgam and resin-based composite restorations. The results are attributed to hydrolysis of the calcium hydroxide by fluid contamination from dentinal tubules and microleakage.

When calcium hydroxide is placed in direct contact with vital pulp tissue the major immediate reaction is?

Herman first introduced calcium hydroxide as a biological dressing. Because of its high alkalinity (pH 12), it is so caustic that when it is placed in contact with vital pulp tissue, the reaction produces a superficial necrosis of the pulp.

Why calcium hydroxide is a strong base?

Some strong bases like calcium hydroxide aren't very soluble in water. That doesn't matter - what does dissolve is still 100% ionised into calcium ions and hydroxide ions. Calcium hydroxide still counts as a strong base because of that 100% ionisation.

Why is calcium hydroxide solution a weak base?

A weak base is a substance that accepts hydrogen ions or, more generally, donate a pair of valence electrons, a weak base does not therefore, fully ionize or completely accept hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution.

Is calcium hydroxide a base or alkali?

Calcium hydroxide is a strong base and is an alkali.

What does calcium hydroxide stimulate?

Conclusions: Calcium ions released from calcium hydroxide stimulates fibronectin synthesis in dental pulp cells. Fibronectin might induce the differentiation of dental pulp cells to mineralized tissue forming cells that are the main cells to form dentine bridges, via contact with cells.

How does calcium hydroxide form reparative dentin?

Indirect capping produced reactionary dentin, while direct pulp capping led to the formation of reparative dentin by a dentinal bridge, closing almost the whole pulp exposure. Since the pioneering work of Hermann (Hermann 1930), calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)₂] is recognized as a beneficial pulp capping agent in dentistry.

What material is used for pulp capping?

Two types of pulp-capping materials, calcium hydroxide and mineral trioxide aggregate, have been most commonly used in clinics, and an adhesive resin has been considered a promising capping material.

What is Dycal composition?

Dycal® is a paste-paste calcium hydroxide dental cement uses as pulp capping and liner in dentistry. First paste (base paste) contains titanium dioxide and barium sulphate in glycol disalicylate and second paste (catalyst paste) contains calcium hydroxide, zinc oxide and zinc stearate in ethyl toluene sulphonamide.

Is Dycal calcium hydroxide?

Dycal is a self-set rigid dental cement based on calcium hydroxide. It is indicated for both direct and indirect pulp coating. Dycal from denstply forms a protective base under cements, restorative materials and other base materials, stimulating the formation of secondary dentin.

Can Dycal be used for direct pulp capping?

Dycal® Calcium Hydroxide Liner is a two-component, rigid-setting, self-curing material designed for use in direct and indirect pulp capping and as a protective liner under dental adhesives, varnishes, filling materials, cements, and other base materials.