Which viral type is most responsible for oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma development?

Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is increasing in incidence, especially among young patients and preferably females. Infection with human papilloma virus (HPV) has been suggested as a cause of SCC in the head and neck, and the proportion of oropharyngeal cancers

oropharyngeal cancers

Oropharyngeal cancer (OPC), also known as oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) and tonsil cancer, is a disease in which abnormal cells with the potential to both grow locally and spread to other parts of the body are found in the oral cavity, in the tissue of the part of the throat (oropharynx) that includes ...

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Oropharyngeal cancer - Wikipedia

caused by HPV has steadily increased.

Which virus is responsible for oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma?

Squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the larynx and hypopharynx are strongly associated with smoking and drinking habits while nasopharyngeal SCC as well as some oropharyngeal SCC are caused by a viral infection involving Epstein - Barr virus (EBV) and Human Papillomavirus (HPV), respectively.

What causes squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue?

The combination of heavy smoking and alcohol abuse is estimated to raise the risk 100-fold in women and 38-fold in men. Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue may also result from any chronic irritation, such as dental caries, overuse of mouthwash, chewing tobacco, or the use of betel quid.

What virus is linked to squamous cell carcinoma?

Oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC and OPSCC) represent the majority of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Human papillomavirus (HPV) is an important etiologic factor together with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).

What are the most common causes of oral squamous cell carcinoma?

Major etiological and predisposing factors for OSCC include mostly smoking and drinking habits, and ultraviolet radiation (specifically for lip cancer), but several other factors such as human papillomavirus (HPV) and Candida infections, nutritional deficiencies and genetic predisposition have been also associated^11,18 ...

Oral Cancer - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

What is squamous cell carcinoma of tongue?

The most common type of tongue cancer is squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Squamous cells are the flat, skin like cells that cover the lining of the mouth, nose, larynx, thyroid and throat. Squamous cell carcinoma is the name for a cancer that starts in these cells.

Which of the following is the most common site in the oral cavity for a squamous cell carcinoma?

The most common site for intraoral carcinoma is the tongue, which accounts for around 40% of all cases in the oral cavity proper. These tumors most frequently occur on the posterior lateral border and ventral surfaces of the tongue.

Does Epstein-Barr cause squamous cell carcinoma?

Background DNA tumor viruses potentially play a role in the development of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). Human papillomavirus is found in up to 50% of SCCHN specimens, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been detected in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Burkitt lymphoma, and other lymphomas.

Is all squamous cell carcinoma caused by HPV?

Squamous cell carcinoma comprises over 95% of oropharyngeal cancers. Tobacco and alcohol are major risk factors, but human papillomavirus (HPV) now causes most of these tumors.

Does EBV cause squamous cell carcinoma?

In conclusion, EBV can infect squamous cells and establish latent infection, but promotion of cell proliferation and of lytic EBV replication may vary depending on stages of cell differentiation. Our model can be used to study the role of EBV in the development of EBV-associated oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Where does squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue spread to?

The most common site for OSCC metastasis is cervical lymph nodes, and it reduces the survival rate by 50% ^{13, 14}. Cancer cells usually spread to the lymph nodes on the same side of the cancer primary site.

What risk factors are associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma?

What is HPV on tongue?

HPV can infect the mouth and throat and cause cancers of the oropharynx (back of the throat, including the base of the tongue and tonsils). This is called oropharyngeal cancer. HPV is thought to cause 70% of oropharyngeal cancers in the United States.

What causes squamous cell carcinoma of the jaw?

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the oral cavity is a common disease that is associated with several risk factors, including smoking, alcohol use, viral infection, immunosuppression, malnutrition, chronic irritation as well as previous disease such as odontogenic cyst.

What is p16 squamous cell carcinoma?

p16 is a tumor suppressor protein that inhibits cyclin-dependent kinase 4A. As such, it is usually absent in head and neck SCC, the gene being mutated or deleted or the expression being abrogated by other mechanisms.

What does p16 positive mean?

Expression of p16^INK4A (p16 positive) is highly correlated with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), however, p16-positivity is not limited to HPV positive tumors and therefore, not a perfect surrogate for HPV.

Is HPV the same as squamous cell carcinoma?

Human Papilloma Virus associated oral and oropharyngeal head and neck carcinomas have features which are distinct from the tobacco and alcohol related squamous cell carcinomas.

What cancers does HPV cause?

Almost all cervical cancer is caused by HPV. Some cancers of the vulva, vagina, penis, anus, and oropharynx (back of the throat, including the base of the tongue and tonsils) are also caused by HPV. Research is still being done to understand how and to what extent HPV causes these cancers.

What does superficially invasive mean?

Superficial versus minimally invasive

Superficial SCCs have not penetrated (or invaded) below the topmost layer of the skin (the epidermis), while minimally invasive SCCs have just barely invaded the second layer of skin (the dermis) and have no high-risk characteristics.

What kills squamous cell carcinoma?

Cryotherapy (cryosurgery)

Cryotherapy is used most often for pre-cancerous conditions such as actinic keratosis and for small basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas. For this treatment, the doctor applies liquid nitrogen to the tumor to freeze and kill the cells.

Can you live with squamous cell carcinoma?

In general, the squamous cell carcinoma survival rate is very high—when detected early, the five-year survival rate is 99 percent. Even if squamous cell carcinoma has spread to nearby lymph nodes, the cancer may be effectively treated through a combination of surgery and radiation treatment.

What is the most common site for intraoral carcinoma?

The most common site for intraoral carcinoma is the tongue, which accounts for approximately 40% of all cases in the oral cavity proper. 5 These tumors most frequently occur on the posterior lateral border and ventral surfaces of the tongue. The floor of the mouth is the second most common intraoral location.

What is the most common site for intraoral squamous cell carcinoma gingiva floor of mouth buccal mucosa dorsum of tongue?

Although the most common intraoral site for carcinoma is the posterior ventrolateral border of the tongue, the floor of the mouth is also frequently affected.

Can you get squamous cell carcinoma on your tongue?

Tongue cancer can occur on the front of the tongue, which is called “oral tongue cancer.” Or it may occur at the base of the tongue, near where it attaches to the bottom of your mouth. This is called “oropharyngeal cancer.” Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type of tongue cancer.

What is the most frequent malignant tumor of the tongue?

Squamous cell carcinoma is by far the most common malignancy of the tongue, typically having 3 gross morphologic growth patterns: exophytic, ulcerative, and infiltrative.