What is the difference between relapse and refractory?

Relapsed disease means a cancer has come back. Refractory disease means a cancer has stopped responding to treatment.

Is refractory the same as relapse?

The term “relapsed” refers to disease that reappears or grows again after a period of remission. The term “refractory” is used to describe when the lymphoma does not respond to treatment (meaning that the cancer cells continue to grow) or when the response to treatment does not last very long.

What does refractory to treatment mean?

Listen to pronunciation. (reh-FRAK-tor-ee) In medicine, describes a disease or condition that does not respond to treatment.

What is relapsed/refractory ALL?

In these cases, the disease is referred to as being “refractory” (or “refractory ALL”). Other patients achieve remission but later have decreased numbers of normal blood cells and a return of leukemia cells in their bone marrow. This is referred to as a “relapse” of the disease (or “relapsed ALL”).

What is refractory in cancer treatment?

Cancer that does not respond to treatment. The cancer may be resistant at the beginning of treatment or it may become resistant during treatment. Also called resistant cancer.

Defining Relapsed and Refractory Myeloma; what's the difference?

What does relapse mean in cancer?

The return of a disease or the signs and symptoms of a disease after a period of improvement.

What is relapsed/refractory AML?

Relapsed, or recurrent, acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) means the leukemia has come back after treatment and reaching remission. Refractory AML means the leukemia did not respond to treatment. Complete remission has not been reached because the chemotherapy drugs did not kill enough leukemia cells.

When does ALL relapse?

Relapse of ALL generally occurs within two years of initial treatment, although it may occur several months to years after the initial remission.

What causes ALL relapse?

The exact reasons for an ALL relapse are not always fully understood. A relapse might happen if the initial treatment did not remove all the cancer cells or if the cancer cells developed a resistance to the treatment. It might also occur if cancer cells spread undetected to a new area of the body.

What is primary refractory?

Definition. Disease status just prior to the start of the preparative regimen for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT): Primary refractory refers to never achieving a complete remission (CR) from any therapy and also not being in partial remission (PR) at the time of the last evaluation prior to HSCT.

What is refractory give an example?

The definition of refractory is stubborn or hard to manage, or heat resistant. An example of someone who is refractory is a person who refuses to listen to the rules. An example of something refractory is a material like silica or alumina that are difficult to melt.

What does the term refractory means?

1 : resisting control or authority : stubborn, unmanageable. 2a : resistant to treatment or cure a refractory lesion. b : unresponsive to stimulus. c : immune, insusceptible after recovery they were refractory to infection. 3 : difficult to fuse, corrode, or draw out especially : capable of enduring high temperature.

What is a refractory symptom?

A refractory symptom is one that cannot be adequately controlled despite aggressive efforts to identify a tolerable therapy that does not compromise consciousness (Cherny 1994). A refractory symptom may be subjective and, at times, nonspecific.

What is the difference between relapse and recurrence?

The implicit distinction between relapse and recurrence is that a relapse is thought to be a return of symptoms of an ongoing episode that was symptomatically suppressed, whereas a recurrence represents an entirely new episode.

What is double refractory?

The classical definition refers to patients refractory to bortezomib and thalidomide and/or lenalidomide—the first generation proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory agents (IMiDs).

What does CLL in relapse mean?

Relapsed CLL is the term for disease that responded to therapy but, after 6 or more months, stopped responding. Refractory disease is the term for CLL that does not result in a remission (but may be stable) or disease that gets worse within 6 months of the last treatment.

What are the chances of ALL coming back?

Most children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are cured on current first-line therapy plans. But in 15-20 percent of cases in the United States — about 600 children — ALL comes back.

What is the relapse rate for ALL?

Despite an 85 to 90 percent cure rate after first treatment for children, adolescents and young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), 10 to 15 percent of patients with pediatric ALL will experience relapse. ALL relapse can happen months or years following remission.

What are bone marrows?

(bone MAYR-oh) The soft, spongy tissue that has many blood vessels and is found in the center of most bones. There are two types of bone marrow: red and yellow. Red bone marrow contains blood stem cells that can become red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets.

How I treat refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia?

Chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is the primary treatment for relapsed and refractory ALL. When it is given for relapsed and refractory ALL, it is called reinduction chemotherapy. If ALL relapses after a long remission, it may respond to the drugs used in the original treatment.

What are the 4 main types of leukemia?

When does AML relapse?

AML relapse affects about 50% of all patients who achieved remission after initial treatment, and can occur several months to several years after treatment. However, every patient carries the risk of relapse, and the majority of relapses occur within two to three years of initial treatment.

Why do AML patients relapse?

AML can relapse if: The cancer didn't respond well to the first treatment you tried. Treatment didn't get rid of all the leukemia cells. Cancer cells spread to other parts of your body and were too small for tests to pick up.

What is the drug of choice for relapsed AML?

The FDA has approved gilteritinib for FLT3-mutated AML as well as ivosidenib/enasidenib for IDH1-/IDH2-mutated r/r AML patients. Monotherapy with venetoclax, a bcl-2 inhibitor, has moderate efficacy in r/r AML. However, early results in combination with intensive chemotherapy or HMA are very encouraging.

What is refractory lymphoma?

Refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is NHL that has not responded to initial treatment. Refractory disease may be disease that is getting worse or staying the same. Relapsed non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is NHL that responded to treatment but then returns.