What is the 40/1 rule Aviation?

The 40:1 obstacle identification surface (OIS) begins at the departure end of runway (DER) and slopes upward at 152 FPNM until reaching the minimum IFR altitude or entering the en route structure.

What is a 40 1 climb gradient?

There is a 40 to 1 slope used to evaluate obstacle clearance on departures and climb. Standard IFR climb rates of 200 feet per NM are assumed, so 40 to 1 is 151.9 feet/NM, providing 48.1 feet of clearance for each NM if an aircraft climbs at the standard performance rate/NM.

What is the 1 2 3 rule for alternate airport?

You need to name an alternate airport on your IFR flight plan if, for the period of time one hour before and one hour after your estimated time of arrival, the weather is forecast to include a ceiling of 2,000 feet agl and/or visibilities less than three statute miles (the 1-2-3 rule).

What altitude can you turn after takeoff?

Generally, the consensus is that you shouldn't turn unless you're above 1000 feet AGL. If you need a one size fits all approach that may be a good one, but we all have different size feet.

What are the three types of SIDs aviation?

There are three main types of SIDs: pilot-nav SIDs, radar vector SIDs, and hybrid SIDs. A pilot-nav SID is a SID where the pilot is primarily responsible for navigation along the SID route. It allows for the aircraft to get from the runway to its assigned route with no vectoring required from air traffic control.

1 in 60 rule.

What is Coffin Corner in aviation?

In aviation, coffin corner (or Q corner) refers to the point at which the Flight Envelope boundary defined by a high incidence stall intersects with that defined by the critical Mach number.

What are the 4 phases of flight?

The four forces are lift, thrust, drag, and weight. As a Frisbee flies through the air, lift holds it up. You gave the Frisbee thrust with your arm. Drag from the air made the Frisbee slow down.

What is the minimum speed for takeoff?

Typical takeoff air speeds for jetliners are in the range of 240–285 km/h (130–154 kn; 149–177 mph). Light aircraft, such as a Cessna 150, take off at around 100 km/h (54 kn; 62 mph). Ultralights have even lower takeoff speeds.

Why do planes slow down after takeoff?

Answer: The sensation of slowing down is really one of slowing the rate of acceleration; this is due to reducing the thrust after takeoff to the climb setting. The sensation of “dropping” comes from the retraction of the flaps and slats. The rate of climb is reduced, causing it to feel like a descent.

At what altitude can planes no longer fly?

The highest certified altitude of an airliner was Concorde's 60,000 feet. Today some of the corporate jets can fly at 51,000 feet.

What is the 0 1 2 3 rule IFR?

If the destination has an FAA-approved instrument approach and the weather between an hour before and after the ETA is at least a 2000-foot ceiling and three statute miles visibility, no alternate is required. This is the ol' 1-2-3 rule.

What is the 60 minute rule in aviation?

In 1953, the United States developed regulations that prohibited two- and three-engine airplanes from routes more than 60 min from an adequate airport (single-engine flying time), unless approved by the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).

What is the 3/6 rule in aviation?

For larger aircraft, typically people use some form of the 3/6 Rule: 3 times the altitude (in thousands of feet) you have to lose is the distance back to start the descent; 6 times your groundspeed is your descent rate.

What does 40 1 mean in aviation?

The 40:1 obstacle identification surface (OIS) begins at the departure end of runway (DER) and slopes upward at 152 FPNM until reaching the minimum IFR altitude or entering the en route structure.

What is the FAA standard climb rate?

The standard climb-gradient requirement is 200 feet per nautical mile after crossing the departure end of the runway (DER) at a height of 35 feet agl.

What is the standard climb for IFR?

Regardless of the type of aircraft flown, on all IFR departures, the minimum climb gradient for any IFR departure will be the higher of: 200 ft/NM, as directed by the MAJCOM, as directed by a departure procedure, or as directed by the aircraft flight manual.

Why do pilots say rotate when they take off?

During the takeoff roll, the pilot monitoring the displays (PM) will call out the two important speeds: V1 and rotate. This indicates to the pilot flying the aircraft (PF) when they are beyond the safe stopping speed and when to rotate the aircraft into the air.

Why do planes turn lights off when landing?

This is a safety measure, and is to ensure your eyes are adjusted to the gloom enough to see the floor lights leading you to safety along the aisle in the event of a crash or emergency evacuation. If the cabin lights were on, but then went out your eyes would need a while to adjust to the lower light levels.

What's the slowest a plane can fly?

Technically this is the so-called 'stall speed', where air passes over the wings fast enough to sustain altitude, and for small planes this can be less than 50km/h (31mph).

How fast is a 747 going at takeoff?

A Boeing 747 under standard conditions must be going 296kph (184 mph) to take off. Additionally, weather factors can affect the ground speed need for takeoff. For example, a headwind will reduce the ground speed needed.

Do planes use full throttle on takeoff?

Pilots typically push it to full or almost full throttle the second they begin to accelerate for take off. The slow increase you feel is actually not a slow increase in thrust (the force applied to move the plane forward), but the rate at which the heavy plane full of people is accelerating (increasing in speed).

What are the 5 P's in aviation?

One such approach involves regular evaluation of: Plan, Plane, Pilot, Passengers, and Programming. The point of the 5P approach is not to memorize yet another aviation mnemonic. You might simply write these words on your kneeboard, or add a reference to 5Ps to your checklist for key decision points during the flight.

What are the 5 W's in aviation?

Remember these questions: Where, What, Who, When, Why?

What are the 3 laws of flight?

There are three primary flight control laws - Normal Law, Alternate Law and Direct Law.