What is the 123 rule in aviation?

You need to name an alternate airport on your IFR flight plan if, for the period of time one hour before and one hour after your estimated time of arrival, the weather is forecast to include a ceiling of 2,000 feet agl and/or visibilities less than three statute miles (the 1-2-3 rule).

What is the 3 6 rule in aviation?

For larger aircraft, typically people use some form of the 3/6 Rule: 3 times the altitude (in thousands of feet) you have to lose is the distance back to start the descent; 6 times your groundspeed is your descent rate.

What are the 3 C's in aviation?

Hickox: The three C's pertain to cockpit, cabin, and crew, aligned with the three main domains on board the aircraft.

What is the rule of thumb for 3 degree descent?

Rate of Descent on Final Approach

For a 3 degree glideslope, required rate of descent in feet per minute is approximately equal to ground speed in knots multiplied by 5.

What are the two types of flight rules?

Aircraft flying in the National Airspace System operate under two basic categories of flight: Visual Flight Rules (VFR) and Instrument Flight Rules (IFR).

IFR Alternate Airport Requirements | 1-2-3 Rule | Standard Alternate Minimums

What are three 3 basic types of flights?

Airlines traditionally have three travel classes, First Class, Business Class, and Economy Class. Some airlines now have a no-frills class of service as well, typically called Basic Economy. Depending on the cabin configuration will determine how many airline fare classes are offered.

What are the 4 laws of flight?

The four forces are lift, thrust, drag, and weight. As a Frisbee flies through the air, lift holds it up. You gave the Frisbee thrust with your arm. Drag from the air made the Frisbee slow down.

What is sink rate formula?

To solve for the terminal sink rate, acceleration dV/dt is set to zero. Because the sum of the first two terms of this equation is always positive (x to the third power is V squared, so the direction of velocity is lost), the last term must always be negative, so its absolute value is used. =+ + c bx x .

What altitude is 3 degree glideslope?

The rule simply states that a conventional, 3-degree glideslope (normally the optimum vertical profile to use during a landing approach) descends 300 feet per nautical mile. In other words, multiply your distance from touchdown by 300 feet to determine target altitudes while on final approach.

What is the 1 in 60 rule rate of descent?

1 In 60 Rule Saves The Day. You can take the guesswork out of your descent with a rule-of-thumb: the "1 In 60" rule. The rule states that 1 degree of climb or descent closely equals 100'/NM. For example, if you descend at 1 degree for 1 NM, you'll descent about 100 feet.

What are the 5 P's in aviation?

One such approach involves regular evaluation of: Plan, Plane, Pilot, Passengers, and Programming. The point of the 5P approach is not to memorize yet another aviation mnemonic. You might simply write these words on your kneeboard, or add a reference to 5Ps to your checklist for key decision points during the flight.

What are the 4 risk elements aviation?

RISK ELEMENTS IN ADM take into consideration the four fundamental risk elements: the pilot, the aircraft, the environment, and the type of operation that comprise any given aviation situation.

What is the golden rule in aviation?

number one priority in any event. and at all times is to fly the aircraft; this is the first Golden Rule. Tasksharing should be adapted to. the prevailing situation (i.e. task-

What does the 3 1 1 rule mean when flying?

You are allowed to bring a quart-sized bag of liquids, aerosols, gels, creams and pastes through the checkpoint. These are limited to 3.4 ounces (100 milliliters) or less per item. This is also known as the 3-1-1 liquids rule.

What is the 90 day rule aviation?

The 90-day rule applies when carrying passengers. The licence holder must have completed within the previous 90 days, three take-offs and landings as sole manipulator of the controls in the same type or class to be used on the flight.

What is the 60 minute rule in aviation?

In 1953, the United States developed regulations that prohibited two- and three-engine airplanes from routes more than 60 min from an adequate airport (single-engine flying time), unless approved by the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).

What if glideslope fails on ILS?

If above the localizer minimums and you lose glide-slope then you may request the localizer if you lost a localizer approach, however, if you lose glide-slope below localizer minimums, go mist and if you lose the localizer in any situation, go missed.

How many degrees is VOR dot?

Each dot represents two degrees of deviation from the course selected by the OBS (Omni Bearing Selector). The small circle in the center is sometimes called the donut (police officers really like this term).

How many degrees is a dot VOR?

It is also useful to find out the lateral deviation from a given VOR course or radial: Each dot on a VOR indicator represents 2° of deviation, or 200' per dot per DME.

What is the sinking speed?

Abstract. THE sinking speed of an, aeroplane is defined as the vertical component of the forward velocity in gliding flight.

What is sink speed in aircraft?

Any sink rate in excess of 800 - 1,000 feet per minute is considered excessive. A go-around should be initiated if the sink rate becomes excessive.

What sink rate is t11?

T-8 sinks at a rate of 6-7” per second. T-11 sinks at a rate of 7-8” per second. T-14 sinks at a rate of 8-9” per second. T-17 sinks at a rate of 9-10” per second.

What are the 7 stages of flight?

3.1.

The general flight phases are divided into: planning phase, takeoff phase, climb phase, cruise phase, descent phase, approach phase, and taxi phase.

What are the 6 motions of flight?

An airplane rotates in bank, pitch, and yaw while also moving horizontally, vertically, and laterally. The four fundamentals (straight-and-level flight, turns, climbs, and descents) are the principal maneuvers that control the airplane through the six motions of flight.

What are the 3 ways to control an airplane?