What is LM hash and NTLM hash?

LM hashes are used by LAN Manager (LM) authentication, an old authentication mechanism that predates NTLM authentication. By contrast, NTLM and Kerberos authentication both use Windows NT password hashes (known as NT hashes or Unicode hashes), which are considerably more secure.

What is LM hash used for?

LM Hashing is a legacy Microsoft password storage mechanism used to ensure backward compatibility while storing passwords with the following restrictions: Passwords can have a maximum length of 14 characters. Passwords are converted to uppercase.

What is LM hash storage?

When you set or change the password for a user account to a password that contains fewer than 15 characters, Windows generates both an LM hash and a Windows NT hash (NT hash) of the password. These hashes are stored in the local SAM database or Active Directory.

What is NTLM hash value?

The two are the LM hash (a DES-based function applied to the first 14 characters of the password converted to the traditional 8-bit PC charset for the language), and the NT hash (MD4 of the little endian UTF-16 Unicode password). Both hash values are 16 bytes (128 bits) each.

What is the difference between net NTLM and NTLM hashes?

NTHash AKA NTLM hash is the currently used algorithm for storing passwords on windows systems. While NET-NTLM is the name of the authentication or challenge/response protocol used between the client and the server.

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Where is NTLM used?

Windows Challenge/Response (NTLM) is the authentication protocol used on networks that include systems running the Windows operating system and on stand-alone systems. The Microsoft Kerberos security package adds greater security than NTLM to systems on a network.

What are NT and LM hashes?

NT hashes are stored for use with NTLM and Kerberos, and LM hashes are stored for backwards compatibility with earlier client operating system versions. You are highly unlikely to encounter any issues from disabling LM hash storage unless your environment contains Windows 95 or Windows 98 clients.

What is NTLM full form?

NTLM is an abbreviation for Windows NT LAN Manager; it offers improved security over the now-obsolete LAN Manager protocol.

Why are LM hashes weak?

The LAN Manager hash is relatively weak and prone to attack compared to the cryptographically stronger NTLM hash. Because the LM hash is stored on the local device in the security database, the passwords can be compromised if the security database, Security Accounts Manager (SAM), is attacked.

Where is NTLM hash stored?

The user passwords are stored in a hashed format in a registry hive either as an LM hash or as an NTLM hash. This file can be found in %SystemRoot%/system32/config/SAM and is mounted on HKLM/SAM and SYSTEM privileges are required to view it.

Is LM hash still used?

NTLM is used for logon with local accounts except on domain controllers since Windows Vista and later versions no longer maintain the LM hash by default. Kerberos is used in Active Directory Environments.

What are the two most common hashing algorithms?

There are multiple types of hashing algorithms, but the most common are Message Digest 5 (MD5) and Secure Hashing Algorithm (SHA) 1 and 2.

Why is Kerberos more secure than NTLM?

– While both the authentication protocols are secure, NTLM is not as secure as Kerberos because it requires a point-to-point connection between the Web browser and server in order to function properly. Kerberos is more secure because it never transmits passwords over the network in the clear.

Can I disable NTLM authentication?

To disable NTLM within the domain, the setting NTLM authentication in this domain is set to the value Deny all. The NTLM authentication request of the web server will be blocked on the DC (Event ID 4004). Therefore, web01 is added to the list of the Add server exceptions in this domain setting.

What is NTLMv2 authentication?

Windows Challenge/Response (NTLM) is the authentication protocol used on networks that include systems running the Windows operating system and on stand-alone systems.

What is NTLM and how it works?

NTLM credentials are based on data obtained during the interactive logon process and consist of a domain name, a user name, and a one-way hash of the user's password. NTLM uses an encrypted challenge/response protocol to authenticate a user without sending the user's password over the wire.

How long is an NTLM hash?

In fact, by default Windows computes 2 hashes: one is called an NT or Unicode hash and the other is called the LM (LanManager) hash. The NT hash is an MD4 hash of the plaintext password. It supports all Unicode characters and passwords can be up to 256 characters long.

Does NTLM use LDAP?

The solution uses UnboundID Java LDAP SDK and for the NTLM Handling it uses samba.

Do we need NTLM?

NTLM is Microsoft's mythological legacy authentication protocol. Although new and better authentication protocols have already been developed, NTLM is still very much in use – even the most recent Windows versions support NTLM, and its use is still required when deploying Active Directory.

Does SMB use NTLM?

NTLM over a Server Message Block (SMB) transport is a common use of NTLM authentication and encryption.

How many characters are there in NTLM hash?

The number of characters in a LM password is exactly 14, no matter how many characters a user actually chooses. A first impression would be that a 14 character password should be a good thing; unfortunately, this is not the case!

Is LDAP NTLM or Kerberos?

Kerberos largely replaced NTLM, an older and Microsoft's original (with Windows NT) authentication protocol. LDAP is also an authentication and authorization protocol, and also methodology of organizing objects such as users, computers, and organizational units within a directory, such as Active Directory.

Is NTLM a protocol?

The NTLM protocol was conceived to connect several Windows machines to one another or to a server. The protocol provides security through the monitoring of clients' access rights.

What is LDAP and Kerberos?

Kerberos is used to manage credentials securely (authentication) while LDAP is used for holding authoritative information about the accounts, such as what they're allowed to access (authorization), the user's full name and uid.