What is IAP classification?

A number of classifications are available for assessing different degrees of undernutrition. Although weight-for-age classifications (Gomez, Indian Academy of Pediatrics [IAP]) are the most commonly used,⁵ height-for-age and weight-for-height classifications (McLaren, Waterlow's) have also been used.

What is Gomez classification?

Gomez classification One of the earliest systems for classifying protein‐energy malnutrition in children, based on percentage of expected weight for age: over 90% is normal, 76–90% is mild (first degree) malnutrition, 61–75% is moderate (second degree) malnutrition and less than 60% is severe (third degree) ...

What are the classification of PEM?

PEM can be classified into two types: Primary PEM. Secondary PEM.

What is Waterlow classification?

Waterlow classification A system for classifying protein‐energy malnutrition in children based on wasting (the percentage of expected weight for height) and the degree of stunting (the percentage of expected height for age). See also Wellcome classification.

What is severe acute malnutrition?

Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) refers to the condition that is identified by the Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) measurement of less than 115 mm or weight for height (wasting) less than minus 3SD z-score below the median in 6 to 59 months children [3].

Malnutrition/undernutrition/PEM-classification

What is Z-score in malnutrition?

Absence of acute protein-energy malnutrition, or normal nutritional status, is defined as having a weight-for-height z-score of -2.0 or greater. Moderate acute protein-energy malnutrition is defined as having a weight-for-height z-score of -3.0 to less than -2.0.

What is SAM and MAM malnutrition?

Globally, approximately 33 million children under five years of age are affected by moderate acute malnutrition (MAM), defined as a weight-for-height z-score (WHZ) between -2 and -3, and at least 19 million children under five by severe acute malnutrition (SAM), defined as a WHZ of <-3.

What is Waterlow score NHS?

The Waterlow score (or Waterlow scale) gives an estimated risk for the development of a pressure sore in a given patient. The tool was developed in 1985 by clinical nurse teacher Judy Waterlow.

What is normal Waterlow score?

a score of 10-14 indicates "at-risk" a score of 15-19 indicates "high risk" a score of 20 and above indicates "very high risk"

What is moderate acute malnutrition mam?

Moderate acute malnutrition (MAM), also known as wasting, is defined by a weight-for-height indicator between -3 and -2 z-scores (standard deviations) of the international standard or by a mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) between 11 cm and 12.5 cm.

What are the two types of PEM?

Protein-calorie malnutrition is separated into two forms, kwashiorkor and marasmus.

What are the three types of protein-energy malnutrition?

The term “protein-energy malnutrition” (PEM) describes a general state of undernutrition and deficiency of multiple nutrients and energy. There are three clinical presentations of severe PEM: kwashiorkor, marasmus, and marasmic kwashiorkor.

What is welcome classification of malnutrition?

Wellcome classification A system for classifying protein‐energy malnutrition in children based on percentage of expected weight‐for‐age and the presence or absence of oedema.

What is the normal Muac?

[6] MUAC is a useful indicator of malnutrition that can be used in ill patients (normal MUAC >23 cm in males, >22 cm in females).

What is kwashiorkor and marasmus?

There are three forms of acute malnutrition: Marasmus: Severe weight loss and muscle wasting due to lack of nutrition and calories. Kwashiorkor: Swelling or edema due to water retention from lack of protein. Marasmic-kwashiorkor: A combination of muscle wasting and bilateral edema.

What is PEM Protein Energy Malnutrition?

According to World Health Organization, protein energy malnutrition (PEM) refers to “an imbalance between the supply of protein and energy and the body's demand for them to ensure optimal growth and function”.[1] It is a major public health problem in India.

How does a Waterlow chart work?

The Waterlow score incorporates the assessment of various patient factors well recognised to influence surgical outcome. These include body mass index, age, nutritional status, organ failure, anaemia, smoking, medical co-morbidity, drug history, and the duration and type of surgery.

How do you grade a pressure ulcer?

Why is the Waterlow Scale used?

The Waterlow assessment was designed and researched by Judy Waterlow. The Waterlow Score calculates the risk of pressure ulcers developing on an individual basis through a simple points-based system.

What is a Waterlow risk assessment tool?

The Waterlow Score is an interdisciplinary assessment that determines an individual's risk of developing a PI. The scale is a baseline assessment of a client's condition that covers a wide variety of factors including mobility, continence, malnutrition and special risks.

How do you use a Braden Scale?

The Braden Scale uses a scores from less than or equal to 9 to as high as 23. The lower the number, the higher the risk is for developing an acquired ulcer or injury. There are six categories within the Braden Scale: sensory perception, moisture, activity, mobility, nutrition, and friction or shear.

What is the difference between f75 and f100?

F-75 contains 75 kcal and 0.9 g protein per 100 ml. As soon as the child is stabilized on F-75, F-100 is used as a "catch-up" formula to rebuild wasted tissues. F-100 contains more calories and protein: 100 kcal and 2.9g protein per 100 ml.

How do you identify Sam and MAM?

MAM is defined as MUAC < 12.5 cm, but ≥ 11.5 cm. Non-complicated SAM will be defined as MUAC < 11.5 cm, or + or ++ bilateral edema, and having an acceptable appetite. An acceptable appetite will be judged by giving the child 30 g of RUTF and asking the mother to feed this food to the child over 20 minutes.

How do you calculate MAM and SAM?

How do we estimate case load for SAM and / or MAM in children 6 – 59 months in a given time period? A common approach to this problem is to use the formula: case load = N × P × K × C where: N is the size of the population in the program area.