What is cracking and types of cracking?

Cracking is defined as the process of breaking down long chain hydrocarbons into simpler forms or light weight hydrocarbons. Cracking in chemistry is of two types: Thermal cracking and Catalytic Cracking.

What is cracking and its types?

Types of Cracking

This process involves the conversion of high molecular weight, high boiling hydrocarbons into olefinic, gases, gasoline and other products. Hydro cracking: It is a catalytic cracking process, where it uses hydro cracking to break C – C bonds.

What is called cracking?

cracking, in petroleum refining, the process by which heavy hydrocarbon molecules are broken up into lighter molecules by means of heat and usually pressure and sometimes catalysts. Cracking is the most important process for the commercial production of gasoline and diesel fuel.

What is cracking short answer?

Cracking is a process in which a complex organic molecule or a long-chain hydrocarbon is broken down into smaller molecules or lower hydrocarbons by breaking of the carbon-carbon bonds in the complex organic molecules. The rate of cracking strongly depends on the temperature and also on the presence of catalyst.

What are the two types of cracking in chemistry?

There are two different types of cracking we commonly use to split hydrocarbons. These are known as thermal cracking and catalytic cracking.

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What is the meaning of cracking in chemistry?

In petrochemistry, petroleum geology and organic chemistry, cracking is the process whereby complex organic molecules such as kerogens or long-chain hydrocarbons are broken down into simpler molecules such as light hydrocarbons, by the breaking of carbon-carbon bonds in the precursors.

What is cracking in organic chemistry?

Cracking is a reaction in which larger saturated hydrocarbon molecules are broken down into smaller, more useful hydrocarbon molecules, some of which are unsaturated: the original starting hydrocarbons are alkanes. the products of cracking include alkanes and alkenes, members of a different homologous series.

What is cracking Class 11?

The thermal decomposition of higher hydrocarbons into lower hydrocarbons in the presence or absence of a catalyst is called cracking.

What type of reaction is cracking?

Cracking is an example of a thermal decomposition chemical reaction.

What is cracking and why is it useful?

What Is Cracking? Cracking is a technique used in oil refineries whereby large and complex hydrocarbon molecules are broken down into smaller and lighter components that are more useful for commercial or consumer use. Cracking is a critical stage in the process of refining crude oil.

What catalyst is used in cracking?

Modern cracking uses zeolites as the catalyst. These are complex aluminosilicates, and are large lattices of aluminium, silicon and oxygen atoms carrying a negative charge. They are, of course, associated with positive ions such as sodium ions.

What is thermal cracking and catalytic cracking?

Definition. Thermal Cracking: Thermal cracking is the process of breaking down large compounds into small compounds at high temperatures and high pressures. Catalytic Cracking: Catalytic cracking is the breakdown of large compounds into small hydrocarbons using an acid catalyst.

Why are zeolites used in cracking?

Catalysts called zeolites drive cracking. These mineral-like solids of silicon, aluminium and oxygen contain orderly networks of pores, just wide enough for the hydrocarbon molecules to wriggle down. Inside a zeolite's pores, it's extremely acidic. This breaks up the big molecules.

What is the difference between cracking and distillation?

The main difference between fractional distillation and cracking is that fractional distillation involves the separation of compounds through distillation according to their boiling points whereas cracking involves the breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules.

What conditions are used for cracking?

Thermal cracking uses harsh conditions like high temperature and high pressure. It breaks the alkanes into a high percentage of alkenes and comparatively few alkanes. Thermal cracking is done at about 1,000 degrees Celcius and 70 atm pressure.

What temperature is used for cracking?

Various methods can be used for cracking, eg catalytic cracking and steam cracking: Catalytic cracking uses a temperature of approximately 550°C and a catalyst known as a zeolite which contains aluminium oxide and silicon oxide. Steam cracking uses a higher temperature of over 800°C and no catalyst.

Is cracking endothermic or exothermic?

Cracking hydrocarbons is an endothermic process and requires high temperatures to work. Cracking of hydrocarbons is done thermally (without a catalyst) or catalytically (with a catalyst); thermal cracking is generally done at higher temperatures.

What are the products during cracking?

Cracking, as the name suggests, is a process in which large hydrocarbon molecules are broken down into smaller and more useful ones, for example: The cracking products, such as ethene, propene, buta-1,3-diene and C₄ alkenes, are used to make many important chemicals.

How many types of catalytic cracking are there?

The catalysts used in catalytic cracking can be divided into three types: nickel-based, carbonate, and composite catalysts. Catalytic cracking technologies can achieve more than 90% tar conversion efficiency at relatively lower temperatures, between 700°C and 900°C (Paethanom et al., 2012).

Which catalyst is used in FCC?

A modern FCC catalyst has four major components: crystalline zeolite, matrix, binder, and filler. Zeolite is the active component and can comprise from about 15 to 50 weight percent of the catalyst. Faujasite (aka Type Y) is the zeolite used in FCC units.

What is the difference between FCC and RFCC?

RFCC is an extension of conventional FCC technology, offering better selectivity to produce higher amounts of gasoline and less gas than hydro and thermal processes.

What is FCC unit?

The FCC unit is the workhorse of modern refineries and converts Gas Oil into lighter hydrocarbons used as valuable transportation fuels. From: Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 2016.

What is the function of CO boiler?

CO Boilers are thermal oxidizers with integral waste heat recovery systems that are used to oxidize carbon monoxide-rich waste gases typically generated by Fluidized Catalytic Cracking Units (FCCU) in petroleum refineries.

What is naphtha cracking?

In naphtha-based steam-cracking processes, naphtha is first fed into the convective section of the furnace for preheating and vaporization. At elevated temperatures in the radiant section of the furnace (750–900 °C or higher), naphtha is cracked into smaller molecules in the absence of catalysts.

What are the advantages of catalytic cracking?

Catalytic cracking yields a higher quantity of branched-chain, unsaturated, aromatic hydrocarbons as compared to thermal cracking. Catalytic cracking is a better-controlled process than thermal cracking. Petrol obtained by catalytic cracking has lesser sulfur content.