What is Article 16 of the Constitution?

The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration.

What does Article 16 of the Constitution says?

(1) There shall be equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters of employment under the State. (2) No citizen shall, on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, descent, place of birth or any of them, be ineligible for any office under the State.

What does Article 16 of Constitution prohibit?

No citizen shall, on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, descent, place of birth, residence or any of them, be ineligible for, or discriminated against in respect of, any employment or office under the State.

What does Article 16 4 of the Constitution mean?

Article 16(4) of the Indian constitution provides for the reservation of services under the State in favor of the backward class of citizens. The State shall decide whether a particular class of citizens is backward or not.

What is an Article 16 4a?

Notes: 1. Article 16(4) of the Constitution provides: “Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any provision for the reservation of appointments or posts in favour of any backward class of citizens which, in the opinion of the State, is not adequately represented in the services under the state.” 2.

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What is the Article 17?

Article 17. Abolition of Untouchability. -"Untouchability" is abolished and its practice in any form is forbidden. The enforcement of any disability arising out of "Untouchability" shall be an offence punishable in accordance with law.

What are the 16 fundamental rights?

The Constitution guarantees six fundamental rights to Indian citizens as follows: (i) right to equality, (ii) right to freedom, (iii) right against exploitation, (iv) right to freedom of religion, (v) cultural and educational rights, and (vi) right to constitutional remedies.

What is the difference between article 15 and 16?

What is the difference between Article 15 and Article 16 of the Indian Constitution? On a comparative basis, Article 16 deals with a very limited subject, viz., public employment. On the other hand, the scope of Article 15 (1) is much wider as it covers the entire range of state activities.

What are the essential conditions for the application of Article 16 4?

Article 16(4A)

In simple words, this article states that if the state feels that the scheduled Classes or the scheduled tribes are not adequately represented, then it can make provision of reservation in their promotion on the basis of seniority.

What is the Article 18?

Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.

Does Article 16 apply to private companies?

Article 16 (1) of the Constitution assures such opportunity under the state or center mentioned under Article 12 and not to the private sector and thus in case of any refusal of the employment by any private body or a corporation, the individual cannot seek to the court for infringement of the fundamental right under ...

What is required under clause 4 of Article 16 for reservation?

Article 16(4) is an enabling provision and confers a discretionary power on the State to make a reservation of appointments in favour of backward class of citizens which, in its opinion, is not adequately represented in the Services of the State.

Is right to property is a fundamental right?

The 44th Amendment of 1978 removed the right to property from the list of fundamental rights. A new provision, Article 300-A, was added to the constitution, which provided that "no person shall be deprived of his property save by authority of law".

What is meant by right to equality?

Right to Equality. The Constitution says that the government shall not deny to any person in India equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws. It means that the laws apply in the same manner to all, regardless of a person's status.

Which fundamental right is called as the heart and soul of the Constitution?

'Heart and soul of Constitution'

Article 32 falls under Part III of the Constitution that includes the fundamental rights of individuals. It allows an individual to approach the Supreme Court if she or he believes that her or his fundamental rights have been violated or they need to be enforced.

What does Article 15 say?

Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth. (1) The State shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them.

Who is known as the first law officer of India?

The correct answer is Attorney General of India. The first law officer of the Government of India is the Attorney General of India. The Attorney General for India is the Indian government's chief legal advisor and is the primary lawyer in the Supreme Court of India.

What is the full form of OBC?

Other Backward Class is a collective term used by the Government of India to classify castes which are educationally or socially disadvantaged. It is one of several official classifications of the population of India, along with General Class, Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (SCs and STs).

Which was the two groups from India who disapproved the Constitution?

The Assembly was not elected based on universal adult suffrage, and Muslims and Sikhs received special representation as minorities. The Muslim League boycotted the Assembly after failing to prevent its creation.

Is Article 15 available against private individuals?

Unfortunately, Article 15(2) is barely used in Indian constitutional practice. In discrimination jurisprudence, most cases are filed against the state, and not against private parties.

What does Article 46 say?

Article 46 "The State shall promote with special care the educational and economic interests of the weaker sections of the people, and, in particular, of the Scheduled Castes and the Sche- duled Tribes, and shall protect them from social injustice and all forms of exploitation."

How many articles are there in Indian Constitution?

Originally, the constitution adopted on November 26, 1949, contained a Preamble, 395 articles in 22 parts and eight schedules. Currently, the number of articles has since increased to 448 due to 104 amendments since its enactment in 1950. Also, the constitution now has 25 parts and 12 schedules.

Does India have free speech?

The Constitution of India provides the right of freedom, given in article 19 with the view of guaranteeing individual rights that were considered vital by the framers of the constitution. The right to freedom in Article 19 guarantees the freedom of speech and expression, as one of its six freedoms.

Why was right to property removed?

Right to property was removed from the fundamental rights because of the 44th Amendment Act of 1978. The main motive of this removal was to reduce the boundaries of rich and poor.

What are 7 fundamental rights?

Seven fundamental rights were originally provided by the Constitution – the right to equality, right to freedom, right against exploitation, right to freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights, right to property and right to constitutional remedies.