What is added to pig iron?

The raw materials needed for the production of pig-iron are iron ore and coke. Depending on the type of impurities in the iron different fluxes are added, for example limestone (for siliceous iron ore) or feldspar (for calcareous iron ore). The flux converts the impurities in the iron to easily meltable slag.

What is added to pig iron to steel?

As the air passes through the molten pig iron, impurities unite with the oxygen to form oxides. Carbon monoxide burns off and the other impurities form slag. However, most modern steel plants use what's called a basic oxygen furnace to create steel.

What are main ingredients in pig iron?

Overview. Pig iron is the product of smelting iron ore (also ilmenite) with a high-carbon fuel and reductant such as coke, usually with limestone as a flux. Charcoal and anthracite are also used as fuel and reductant.

What are the three raw materials in making of pig iron?

The three main raw materials used to make pig iron (which is the raw material needed to make steel) for primary steel production in a blast furnace are the processed iron ore, coke (residue left after heating coal in the absence of air, generally containing up to 90% carbon) and limestone (CaCO₃) or burnt lime (CaO), ...

Why is pig iron not useful?

Pig iron has a very high carbon content, typically 3.8–4.7%, along with silica and other constituents of dross, which makes it very brittle and not useful directly as a material except for limited applications.

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How is carbon removed from pig iron?

Removal of carbon: The still impure molten iron is mixed with scrap iron (from recycling) and oxygen is blown on to the mixture. The oxygen reacts with the remaining impurities to form various oxides. The carbon forms carbon monoxide. Since this is a gas it removes itself from the iron!

What is added to iron to make stainless steel?

Like all other kinds of steel, stainless steel is made primarily from iron and carbon in a two-step process. What makes stainless steel different is the addition of chromium (Cr) and other alloying elements such as nickel (Ni) to create a corrosion-resistant product.

How is pig iron converted into cast iron?

CAST IRON IS MADE FROM PIG IRON BY MELTING PIG IRON WITH IRON SCRAP AND COKE AND BY PASSING HOT AIT BLAST INTO THE MIXTURE. CAST IRON HAS 3% CARBON CONTENT LOWER THAN PIG IRON. CAST IRON IS HARD AND BRITTLE.

What is the difference between iron and pig iron?

The iron obtained from blast furnace is called pig iron. It contains about 4% carbon and many other impurities like S,P,Si,Mn etc. Cast, iron, on the other hand, is made by melting pig iron with scrap iron and coke using hot air blast.

Which furnace is used to get pig iron from iron ore?

Blast furnaces are used to produce pig iron from iron ore for subsequent processing into steel, and they are also employed in processing lead, copper, and other metals.

What is the percentage of carbon in pig iron?

Pig iron has a very high carbon content, typically 3.8–4.7%, along with silica and other constituents of dross, which makes it very brittle, and not useful directly as a material except for limited applications.

What materials make up stainless steel?

Stainless steel is an iron and chromium alloy. While stainless must contain at least 10.5% chromium, the exact components and ratios will vary based on the grade requested and the intended use of the steel. Other common additives include: Nickel.

What are the raw materials of stainless steel?

Stainless steel metal is formed when the raw materials of nickel, iron ore, chromium, silicon, molybdenum, and others, are melted together. Stainless steel metal contains a variety of basic chemical elements that, when fused together, create a powerful alloy.

What is cast iron made of?

cast iron, an alloy of iron that contains 2 to 4 percent carbon, along with varying amounts of silicon and manganese and traces of impurities such as sulfur and phosphorus. It is made by reducing iron ore in a blast furnace.

Why is chromium added to steel?

Chromium is critical in the manufacturing of stainless steel. Most stainless steel contains about 18 percent chromium; it is what hardens and toughens steel and increases its resistance to corrosion, especially at high temperatures.

Why is coke added to the blast furnace?

Metallurgical coke, along with iron ore and limestone, is layered into a blast furnace to convert the iron ore to metallic iron. Coke, which is mostly carbon, reacts with the blast air to produce carbon monoxide, which, in turn, reacts with the iron oxide to produce carbon dioxide and metallic iron.

What is the chemical formula of stainless steel?

Stainless Steel = Iron + Chromium (> 10.5%) + some other stuff. The above equation forms the basis of a stainless steel alloy, but all sorts of elements are used to form different grades of stainless.

Which is the primary elements used for making stainless steel alloy?

The major alloying elements in stainless steels are chromium and nickel. Chromium primarily provides corrosion resistance and additional strength. Nickel provides strength and some corrosion resistance. Minor alloying elements include manganese, carbon, and molybdenum.

What percentage of stainless steel is iron?

Their thermal expansion and other thermal properties are similar to conventional steels. They may be welded with caution, but cracking can be a feature when matching filler metals are used. Austenitic stainless steels (e.g. grades 1.4301 and 1.4833) consist of chromium (16-26%), nickel (6-12%) and iron.

What is the metal combination in stainless steel?

Stainless steel is a mixture of Iron, Chromium, and Carbon. Besides these it also contains Nickel. Stainless steel contains about 18% Chromium and Nickel. It is hard, strong, and also corrosion-resistant.

What is the highest grade stainless steel?

The composition of 300-series stainless steel grades makes it especially useful in the construction, automotive, and aerospace industries. Since it can withstand extremely high temperatures, series 300 stainless steel is hardenable only by cold working methods.

What is the chemical composition of steel?

Carbon steels

Carbon steel, composed simply of iron and carbon, accounts for 90% of steel production. Low alloy steel is alloyed with other elements, usually molybdenum, manganese, chromium, or nickel, in amounts of up to 10% by weight to improve the hardenability of thick sections.

Which is the purest form of iron?

Wrought Iron is the purest form of iron.

What is the percentage (%) of carbon in the alloy containing pig iron and cast iron?

Solution : Percentage of carbon in pig iron about 4% while in cast iron it is about 3%.

Which form of iron has highest carbon content?

Cast iron is a form of an alloy formed by iron and carbon. It is the most impure form of iron obtained after the process of smelting is completed in the blast furnace. It has the highest percentage of carbon of all forms of iron containing more than 2 percent of carbon as an impurity but not more than 5 percent.