What is a trap pregnancy?

Twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP sequence) is a rare condition of monochorionic twin pregnancies. It arises when the cardiac system of one twin does the work of supplying blood for both twins. The twin supplying the blood is known as the "pump twin" and develops normally in the womb.

What are trap babies?

TRAP is a rare diagnosis in which one twin develops, and although there is a higher risk of birth defects in this twin, it is usually normal. This baby is called the “pump twin.” The other twin never develops as expected and gets all of its blood supply through the placenta from the other baby.

What causes TRAP sequence?

TRAP sequence is caused by the development of one abnormal twin in an identical twin set, or in what is called a monochorionic twin pregnancy. The normal twin then supplies the blood flow for the abnormal twin, which may lead to heart failure and death.

Has an Acardiac twin ever survived?

The “acardiac twin” has no chance of survival. Due to the absence of a beating heart, the acardiac does not send blood to any portion of the placenta, and all of its blood supply comes from and goes back to the circulation of the pump twin through unique vascular connections on the surface of the shared placenta.

What is an Acardiac fetus?

Acardiac fetus is a rare lethal fetopathy usually encountered in monozygous pregnancies. Ultrasound prenatal diagnosis has enabled an increasing number of observations and raised the need for an adequate therapeutic approach since the spontaneous prognosis for the healthy twin is unfavorable in half of the cases.

What is TRAP Sequence?

What is a stuck twin?

A condition whereby a donor twin bleeds into the circulation of a recipient twin. The donor twin become anemic, hypovolemic and looses amniotic fluid. The close apposition of the intertwin membrane fixes the donor fetus in a position thus the moniker of "stuck twin"

What are trap twins?

Twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP sequence) is a rare condition of monochorionic twin pregnancies. It arises when the cardiac system of one twin does the work of supplying blood for both twins. The twin supplying the blood is known as the "pump twin" and develops normally in the womb.

How common is TRAP sequence?

TRAP sequence affects approximately 1 percent of monochorionic pregnancies, with an incidence of 1 in 35,000 births.

Is trap safe in pregnancy?

Conclusions: Our study confirms that there is a high risk of spontaneous loss in untreated pregnancies with TRAP, primarily due to polyhydramnios and fetal hydrops. In the pregnancies that underwent interstitial laser, there was a more favourable outcome.

What causes fetus Papyraceus?

Fetus papyraceous usually results from missed abortion occurring at the end of the first trimester or early in the second trimester while the other fetus goes on to full development. The amniotic fluid is absorbed and the retained dead fetus is compressed between the sac of the surviving co-twin and the uterine wall.

What are the 3 types of twins?

How common is twin to twin transfusion?

Twin-twin transfusion syndrome affects approximately 5 to 15 percent of identical twin pregnancies, meaning that approximately 6,000 babies may be affected each year.

What is Twin twin transfusion syndrome?

Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is a rare pregnancy condition affecting identical twins or other multiples. TTTS occurs in pregnancies where twins share one placenta (afterbirth) and a network of blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients essential for development in the womb.

Is trap the same as twin to twin transfusion?

Twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence, also called TRAP sequence, TRAPS, or acardiac twinning, is a rare complication of monochorionic twin pregnancies. It is a severe variant of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS).

How can I trap a man?

What is trap king?

Rapper Sterling Davis (the 'Trap King') is a TNR advocate and trapper in Atlanta, founding Trap King Humane Solutions to help the city's cats.

What is a trap triplet?

TRAP (Twin Reversed Arterial Perfusion) sequence has acardiac foetus with non-viable multiple anomalies, and there is a pump foetus which feeds this foetus with placental anastomoses. TRAP sequence phenomena is quite rare in triplet pregnancies.

What is Acadiac twin?

An acardiac twin, also known a recipient twin, refers to the haemodynamically disadvantaged twin of a twin-pair in the setting of twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence. The acardiac twin undergoes secondary atrophy and is non-viable.

How twins are formed?

Identical (monozygotic) twins happen when a single egg (zygote) is fertilised. The egg then divides in 2, creating identical twins who share the same genes. Identical twins are always the same sex, so if your twins are identical, you'll have 2 girls or 2 boys.

How do you prevent TTTS?

TTTS is caused by abnormal connections between twins that form when the placenta first develops. This is a purely mechanical and random event that can't be avoided. “The mother can do absolutely nothing to prevent it,” says Dr. Norman Davies, maternal fetal medicine consultant at Mayo Clinic.

What is Stage 3 twin to twin transfusion syndrome?

Stage 3: The imbalance of blood flow starts to affect the heart function in one or both babies. This is seen in abnormal blood flow in the umbilical cords or hearts of the twins.

What is an Acardiac monster?

The Acardiac Monster is a form of monozygotic multiple gestation lacking a physiological heart and resulting in a bizarre fetal malformation which is sustained in utero by parasitic anastomoses to the circulation of a normal twin fetus.

What is discordant growth?

Twin growth discordance is a term used in obstetric imaging to describe a significant size or weight difference between the two fetuses of a twin pregnancy. To be classified as a growth discordance, some consider that the estimated fetal weight (EFW) of the smaller twin should fall under the 10^th centile.

What causes conjoined twins?

Conjoined twins are caused by two embryos that are joined together during fertilization, resulting in twins that are physically connected, most commonly at the abdomen, chest or head. Conjoined twins are rare.

What is monochorionic Diamniotic twin pregnancy?

Monochorionic diamniotic (Mo-Di) twins are twins that share a placenta and therefore a blood supply. They occur in 3–4 per 1,000 pregnancies. They are not the type of twins that run in families. The only known risk factor is in vitro fertilization (IVF). About 4% of IVF pregnancies will have monochorionic twinning.