What is a pulmonary sequestration?

Bronchopulmonary sequestration, also known as BPS or pulmonary sequestration, is a rare birth defect in which an abnormal mass of nonfunctioning lung tissue forms during prenatal development. It can form outside (extralobar) or inside (intralobar) the lungs, but is not connected directly to the airways.

Is pulmonary sequestration serious?

While it is not in itself a life-threatening condition, a pulmonary sequestration can cause health complications including cardiovascular problems, long-term infections like tuberculosis, and bronchial cancer. It could be fatal if blood vessels in the lung begin to hemorrhage.

What causes pulmonary sequestration?

Pulmonary sequestration is a rare congenital (present from birth) malformation where non-functioning lung tissue is separated from the rest of the lung and supplied with blood from an unusual source, often an artery from systemic circulation.

What does lung sequestration mean?

Introduction. Pulmonary sequestration is a condition in which a segment or lobe of dysplastic lung tissue exists with no communication with the rest of the tracheobronchial tree and receives an anomalous systemic vascular supply, separate from the rest of the lung. It is, therefore, a nonfunctional tissue.

What is the most common type of pulmonary sequestration?

The PS is divided into two types, intralobar sequestration (ILS) which is the more common type, where the lesion lies within pleural layer surrounding the lobar lung and extralobar sequestration (ELS) which has its own pleural covering, maintaining complete anatomic separation from adjacent normal lung [5].

What is Pulmonary Sequestration?

How is pulmonary sequestration diagnosed?

Pulmonary sequestrations are diagnosed with a prenatal ultrasound showing a mass in the chest of the fetus. The mass may displace the heart from its normal position or push the diaphragm downward, but the key feature of a sequestration is the artery leading from the cystic mass directly to the aorta.

How is lung sequestration diagnosed?

Lung sequestration can be diagnosed antenatally by ultrasound at 18–19 weeks of gestation [14]. These antenatally diagnosed sequestrations often spontaneously involute or disappear completely. However, persistent lung sequestration may present with recurrent infection or cardiac failure later in childhood.

What is pulmonary sequestration in fetus?

Bronchopulmonary sequestration, also known as BPS or pulmonary sequestration, is a rare birth defect in which an abnormal mass of nonfunctioning lung tissue forms during prenatal development. It can form outside (extralobar) or inside (intralobar) the lungs, but is not connected directly to the airways.

What is under sequestration?

The term sequestration is used when the estate of a person is sequestrated (that is, the estate of a person who is no longer able to pay his or her debts due to uncontrollable circumstances is surrendered by order of the court). The estate of natural persons, partnerships and trusts can be sequestrated.

What is sequestration in medicine?

Sequester: 1. In medicine, to set apart, detach or separate a small portion of tissue from the rest. May be naturally occurring or iatrogenic. 2. In bone, for a piece of dead bone to separate from the sound bone.

Can CPAM go away?

If the CPAM grows, which will occur in a small number of cases, it can cause increasing problems for you and/or the baby, including the development of hydrops. Most lesions will either stay the same size or actually decrease in size or disappear as the pregnancy progresses.

How common is CPAM?

The condition is relatively rare, affecting about 1 in 25,000 pregnancies. It is slightly more common in males than in females. CPAM is not hereditary, so it usually does not recur in families.

What is Intralobar pulmonary sequestration?

Intralobar pulmonary sequestration is characterized by the presence of nonfunctional parenchymal lung tissue, receiving systemic arterial blood supply. It lacks normal communication with tracheobronchial tree. Failure to diagnose and treat this condition can lead to recurrent pneumonia and fatal hemoptysis.

What is considered the gold standard for diagnosis of pulmonary sequestration?

However, the gold standard for identifying the pulmonary sequestration recently is CT/MR angiography as it confirms the anatomy, identifies the anomalous systemic arterial supply, and shows the venous drainage [5].

What are the effects of sequestration?

After sequestration the creditors of the insolvent person needs to be protected. The insolvent can therefore not enter into certain contracts, but his/her hands are not completely tied. The insolvent cannot enter into any other type of contract that will adversely affect his/her estate.

How do you rehabilitate after sequestration?

How do you get sequestrated?

What is congenital lobar emphysema?

Congenital lobar emphysema (CLE), also known as congenital alveolar overdistension, is a developmental anomaly of the lower respiratory tract that is characterized by hyperinflation of one or more of the pulmonary lobes [1,2].

What is resorption atelectasis?

Resorption atelectasis is the most common mechanism of volume loss and results from obstruction in airflow somewhere between the trachea and the alveoli.

What is a pleural abscess?

A ruptured abscess leaves a cavity in the lung that is filled with fluid and air. Sometimes an abscess ruptures into the space between the lungs and the chest wall (pleural space), filling the space with pus, a condition called empyema. Fluid can accumulate in the pleural...

What is bronchial atresia?

Initially described in 1953, bronchial atresia is a congenital abnormality resulting from focal interruption of a lobar, segmental, or subsegmental bronchus with associated peripheral mucus impaction (bronchocele, mucocele) and associated hyperinflation of the obstructed lung segment (1).

Can you live with CPAM?

The good news was that most babies with CPAM are born with no symptoms and can go home after a few days in the hospital. Surgery to remove the mass on the lung usually comes a few months later, when the babies are bigger, and better able to handle anesthesia.

Is CPAM serious?

Key Takeaways. CPAM is a cystic lung disease that affects fetuses and newborns, where abnormal tissue grows in the lungs. In most cases, the CPAM does not grow large enough to be dangerous for your baby. The tissue mass should be monitored during pregnancy and evaluated again after the baby is delivered.

Can a baby survive CPAM?

Fetuses with very large rapidly growing lesions (usually between 20 and 26 weeks' gestation) may develop hydrops (fetal heart failure) and become very ill with a severe risk of death. Fetuses with CPAM and hydrops will generally not survive unless treated.

Can CPAM be cancerous?

There is a risk of malignancy in association with CPAM. This may be a presenting feature of the diagnosis or may be diagnosed as a later complication. The risk of malignancy is difficult to predict.