What gene is SMARCB1?

The SMARCB1 gene provides instructions for making a protein that forms one piece (subunit) of several different protein groupings called SWI/SNF

SWI/SNF

In molecular biology, SWI/SNF (SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable), is a subfamily of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes, which is found in eukaryotes. In other words, it is a group of proteins that associate to remodel the way DNA is packaged.

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SWI/SNF - Wikipedia

protein complexes. SWI/SNF complexes regulate gene activity (expression) by a process known as chromatin remodeling.

What is the other name for SMARCB1?

SMARCB1 (SWI/SNF‐related matrix‐associated actin‐dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily B member 1), which is also named INI1 (integrase interactor 1), is one of the core subunit proteins in the SWI/SNF (SWItch/Sucrose Non‐Fermentable) ATP‐dependent chromatin remodeling complex encoded at chromosomal position 22q11 ...

Which chromosome is SMARCB1?

SMARCB1/INI1-dysregulation and genetic hot-spots on the long arm of chromosome 22 might play an important role in the colorectal cancer metastatic behavior.

What causes SMARCB1 mutation?

One copy of SMARCB1 is inherited from the mother and one from the father. Cells from people with rhabdoid tumor predisposition syndrome carry one working copy of SMARCB1 and one copy that is changed. This change causes the gene to not work properly. It is called a SMARCB1 mutation.

What is a SMARCB1 tumor?

SMARCB1 is a critical component of the BAF complex that is responsible for global chromatin remodeling. Loss of SMARCB1 has been implicated in the initiation of cancers such as malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT), atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT), and, more recently, renal medullary carcinoma (RMC).

SMARCB1 (INI1) - Deficient Sinonasal Carcinoma: A Local Case Series for Chinese Population

What does SMARCB1 stand for?

The name SMARCB1 (SWI/SNF related, Matrix associated, Actin dependent Regulator of Chromatin, subfamily B, member 1) is derived from its role as a core member of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex.

What type of mutation causes autism?

Inherited mutations in a gene called ACTL6B lead to autism, epilepsy and intellectual disability, according to a new study¹. The mutations are recessive, which means that they lead to autism only if a person inherits them in both copies of the gene — one from each parent, who are silent carriers.

Is a rhabdoid tumor hereditary?

Some individuals with rhabdoid tumor predisposition syndrome inherit an altered copy of the INI1 gene from a parent who also carries the same genetic mutation. In most cases, however, RTPS results from the development of a “new” mutation in one of the father's sperm, mother's eggs, or in a cell of the developing fetus.

What is the survival rate of rhabdoid tumor?

Studies show the five-year survival rate for a rhabdoid tumor of the kidney (RTK) ranges from 20% to 25%. This means that 20% to 25% of people diagnosed with RTK are still alive five years after diagnosis. The five-year survival rate for atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) ranges from 32% to 50%.

What chromosome deletion causes autism?

The chromosome 16 deletion is one of the most frequent causes of autism, accounting for about 1 percent of all affected individuals. It has also been strongly linked with other phenotypes including obesity, epilepsy, and intellectual disability.

What causes malignant rhabdoid tumors?

What causes a malignant rhabdoid tumor? There is no clear cause of a malignant rhabdoid tumor. Researchers have discovered that a gene called SMARCB1 (this gene also goes by the names INI1, SNF5, and BAF47) is mutated in nearly all rhabdoid tumors, including malignant rhabdoid tumors.

What is the most common gene mutation identified in lung adenocarcinoma?

TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in lung adenocarcinoma, with somatic mutations found in close to 70% of patient samples (Fig. 1).

What does Rhabdoid mean?

(RAB-doyd TOO-mer) A rare, fast-growing cancer that usually forms in the kidney or central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord) but can also form in soft tissues in other areas of the body. Rhabdoid tumors tend to spread quickly, are hard to treat, and have a poor prognosis.

What does Rhabdoid features mean?

Rhabdoid morphology is classically defined as "sheets and clusters of variably cohesive, large epithelioid cells with vesicular nuclei, prominent nucleoli and large paranuclear intracytoplasmic inclusions" (Am J Surg Pathol 2000;24:1329)

Where is a rhabdoid tumor?

Rhabdoid tumor is a type of tumor that is made up of many large cells. Some rhabdoid tumors can grow in the brain, and these are called atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors (ATRT). Most often, they grow in the kidneys and other soft tissues, like the muscles attached to the bones of the skeleton.

What is the survival rate of a child with rhabdoid tumor?

A young age at diagnosis is strongly associated with an adverse outcome. Four-year event-free survival rates according to age at diagnosis were 8.8% for patients aged 0-5 months, 17.2% for patients aged 6-11 months, 28.6% for patients aged 12-23 months, and 41.1% for patients aged 24 months or older (p < 0.0001).

Is rhabdoid tumor curable?

Long-term Outcomes for Children with Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumor (ATRT) ATRT is challenging to cure, and, unfortunately, the outcomes remain poor. Older children with ATRT tend to do better than younger children.

What is rhabdoid Tumour predisposition?

Rhabdoid tumor predisposition syndrome (RTPS) is characterized by a markedly increased risk for the development of rhabdoid tumors – rare and highly aggressive malignant tumors occurring predominantly in infants and children younger than age three years.

Is autism passed from mom or dad?

The team found that mothers passed only half of their structural variants on to their autistic children—a frequency that would be expected by chance alone—suggesting that variants inherited from mothers were not associated with autism. But surprisingly, fathers did pass on substantially more than 50% of their variants.

What is the root cause of autism?

Autism spectrum disorder has no single known cause. Given the complexity of the disorder, and the fact that symptoms and severity vary, there are probably many causes. Both genetics and environment may play a role. Genetics.

Why is autism increasing?

Advances in diagnostic capabilities and greater understanding and awareness of autism spectrum disorder seem to be largely driving the increase, the Rutgers researchers said. But there's probably more to the story: Genetic factors, and perhaps some environmental ones, too, might also be contributing to the trend.

Is malignant rhabdoid tumor a sarcoma?

Summary. Rhabdoid tumor (RT) is an aggressive pediatric soft tissue sarcoma that arises in the kidney, the liver, the peripheral nerves and all miscellaneous soft-parts throughout the body.

What is SMARCB1 INI1 deficient tumors?

Although SMARCB1/INI1-deficient tumors are predominantly sarcomas, this is a diverse group of tumors with mixed phenotypes, which can often make the diagnosis challenging. Prognosis for these aggressive tumors is often poor. Moreover, refractory and relapsing progressive disease is common.

What is SMARCB1 deficient sinonasal carcinoma?

Abstract. SMARCB1-deficient sinonasal carcinoma is a newly described entity, with less than 100 reported cases. It is characterized by basaloid or rhabdoid morphology and is diagnosed by complete loss of nuclear SMARCB1 (INI-1).