What does supra mean in citations?

supra. (sooh-prah) Latin for "above," in legal briefs and decisions it refers to the citation of a court decision which has been previously mentioned. Thus a case when first cited will be referred to as Guinn v.

What does supra mean in writing?

A Latin term meaning "above". A word often used in legal writing to refer the reader to a portion that comes in earlier part of the document, case, or book. The opposite of infra.

How do you use supra in citations?

After providing a full citation of a periodical, you may use “id.” or “supra” in subsequent citations. Use “id.” to refer to periodical material cited in the immediately preceding citation. Otherwise, use the “supra” form (Rule 16.9). ⇒ Example: Llewellyn, supra, at 401-06.

What is supra in bibliography?

Supra: Latin word meaning “above.” Use supra when referring to a source for which you have already provided a full citation (but not the immediately preceding citation).

Is supra before or after?

"Supra" is used to cite prior material while "infra" is used to cite subsequent material.

What Does The Word "Supra" Mean And How It Is Used In Legal Writing | legal words and phrases

Is supra same as ibid?

Ibid is used when referring to the same source in the footnote immediately above. Ibid may be used after another ibid or after a supra. Supra is used when referring to the same source in a footnote that is not immediately above.

Is Supra a prefix?

It's always good to double-check a dictionary if in doubt. Some confusion arises because super and supra can be used as adjectives without being prefixes. Supra is rare, but it means to be mentioned above or earlier in the text. Super means exactly the same as its prefix form, bigger or better or greater in some way.

What do Supra and infra mean?

Supra refers to material that has already appeared in the document and it has its own rule at 4.2(a). Infra refers to material that appears later in the document, but never for books (see R15. 10).

Is ibid the same as ID?

Id., (Latin, short for "idem" and "eadem", "the same") refers to another page in the previous citation. Ibid., (Latin, short for "ibidem", meaning "the same place") refers to the exact same location in the previous citation. Example: Roe v.

How do I give a supra note?

To use supra, the first time you cite a source in your paper, give the full citation and at the end in square brackets place the short form that you are giving to the source; it can either be a short form of the case name or a short form of an article using the author's last name.

What does supra note at mean?

Supra (Latin for "above") is an academic and legal citation signal used when a writer desires to refer a reader to an earlier-cited authority. For example, an author wanting to refer to a source in their third footnote would cite: See supra note 3. Or for text in that note: See supra text accompanying note 3.

How do you use ibid?

If you consecutively cite the same source two or more times in a note (complete or shortened), you may use the word “Ibid” instead. Ibid is short for the Latin ibidem, which means “in the same place”. If you're referencing the same source but different page, follow 'Ibid' with a comma and the new page number(s).

Is Supra in English word?

a prefix meaning “above, over” (supraorbital) or “beyond the limits of, outside of” (supramolecular; suprasegmental).

What does infra mean in citation?

A Latin term meaning "below" or "under". A word often used in legal writing to refer the reader to a portion of the document, case, or book that comes later. The opposite of supra.

How do you use hereinafter in a legal document?

'Hereinafter' means 'in the following part' of a legal document. 'Hereinafter' is a term that is used to refer to the subject already mentioned in the remaining part of a legal document. 'Hereinafter' can also mean 'from this point on' in the document. In a way, it means what comes after or what is below.

What words have the prefix Supra?

What does the word supranational mean?

Definition of supranational

: transcending national boundaries, authority, or interests a supranational authority, regulating ocean usage— N. H. Jacoby.

What does prefix super mean?

super- Prefix. Latin, over, above, in addition, from super over, above, on top of — more at over.

How do you use supra and infra?

Infra is distinguished from supra, which shows that a case has already been cited "above." The typical language is Jones v. McLaughlin, infra, meaning the exact citation of the case, including volume and page number, will follow later in the document.

What does ibid and op cit mean?

Ibid is an abbreviation of ibidem, meaning 'in the same place' and op. cit is an abbreviation of opere citato, meaning 'in the work cited'. If you are using MMU Harvard referencing then you are not required to use these terms in your work.

Can you use ibid for cases?

For cases and legislation, a short title may be used followed by a cross-reference (n) in parentheses. See the examples of repeat citations using 'ibid' and 'n' provided below.

How do you cite a rule?

How do you use ibid in footnotes?

Use of ibid. "Ibid." (the abbreviation for "ibidem", meaning "in the same place") refers to the work cited in the preceding footnote or to the preceding work within the same footnote. The term should not be used when the preceding footnote includes more than one source.

How do you cite a statute?