What do you mean by sulphonation?

noun Chemistry. the process of attaching the sulfonic acid group, –SO3H, directly to carbon in an organic compound.

What is Sulphonation Class 11?

Sulphonation of benzene is a process of heating benzene with fuming sulphuric acid (H ₂SO ₄ +SO ₃) to produce benzenesulphonic acid. The reaction is reversible in nature.

What is a sulfonation reaction?

Sulfonation is a reversible reaction that produces benzenesulfonic acid by adding sulfur trioxide and fuming sulfuric acid. The reaction is reversed by adding hot aqueous acid to benzenesulfonic acid to produce benzene.

What is Sulphonation in organic chemistry?

Sulfonation: A chemical reaction which introduces the sulfonic acid functional group (-SO₃H) into a molecule. Sulfonation with sulfur trioxide and sulfuric acid converts benzene into benzene sulfonic acid.

Where is Sulphonation used?

Today sulfuric acid sulfonation is principally used for production of hydrotropes by azeotropic reaction with benzene, toluene or xylene. In this special process, the water formed during the reaction is removed by azeotropic distillation of the water and unreacted feedstock.

Sulfonation of Benzene

What is the importance of sulfonation?

Sulfonation plays an essential role in the biotransformation of endogenous compounds such as hormones and neurotransmitters as well as xenobiotics.

What is Sulphonation of phenol?

Sulphonation of phenol is an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction and is also reversible.

What reagent is sulfonation?

Sulfonation with oleum and sulfuric acid

Oleum and sulfuric acid are widely used sulfonation and sulfation reagents, although reactions with these reagents require corrosion-resistant materials of construction.

What is sulphonation aniline?

Sulphonation. Sulphuric acid reacts vigorously with aniline to form anilinium hydrogen sulphate which on heating produces sulphanilic acid which in turn also has a resonating structure with zwitter ion as shown in the above figure.

What is electrophile in sulphonation?

The electrophile involved in the sulphonation of benzene is SO3.

What is sulphonation of aromatic compound?

Aromatic sulfonation is an organic reaction in which a hydrogen atom on an arene is replaced by a sulfonic acid functional group in an electrophilic aromatic substitution. Aryl sulfonic acids are used as detergents, dye, and drugs.

Is sulfonation reversible?

Unlike the other electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions, sulfonation is reversible. Removal of water from the system favours the formation of the sulfonation product.

What is oleum formula?

Formula of oleum is H2S2O7.

What is the formula of sulphonic acid?

A sulfonic acid (or sulphonic acid) refers to a member of the class of organosulfur compounds with the general formula R−S(=O)₂−OH, where R is an organic alkyl or aryl group and the S(=O)₂(OH) group a sulfonyl hydroxide.

What is sulphonation reaction Class 12?

Sulfonation of benzene is a process of heating benzene with fuming sulphuric acid (H2SO4 +SO3) to produce benzenesulfonic acid. The reaction is reversible in nature.

What is sulphonation reaction of amines?

Sulphonation. The reaction of aniline with concentrated sulphuric acid forms anilinium hydrogensulphate, which on heating with sulphuric acid at 453 – 473 K produces p-aminobenzene sulphonic acid which is commonly known as sulphanilic acid.

When aniline undergoes sulphonation then which of the following product will form?

Aniline gives p- benzene sulphonic acid (Sulphanilic acid), on sulphonation.

Why SO3 is used in sulphonation reaction?

Conventionally sulfonation is done by sulphuric acid or oleum. But with SO3 sulfonation process has the following advantages. It is more direct and considerably faster than the present process. It requires fewer man hours and, therefore, is more economical.

What is the mechanism of sulphonation of benzene?

The electrophilic substitution reaction between benzene and sulfuric acid. There are two equivalent ways of sulfonating benzene: Heat benzene under reflux with concentrated sulfuric acid for several hours. Warm benzene under reflux at 40°C with fuming sulfuric acid for 20 to 30 minutes.

What is the nucleophile in the sulfonation reaction?

The p electrons of the aromatic C=C act as a nucleophile, attacking the electrophilic S, pushing charge out onto an electronegative O atom.

What is the major product of sulphonation of phenol?

If sulphonation of phenol is carried out at a high temperature 4-phenol sulphonic acid is obtained. i.e the para isomer is the major product.

What is the cofactor in sulfonation?

Sulfonation reactions (also less correctly known as sulfation reactions) consist in a sulfate being transferred from the cofactor 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to the substrate under catalysis by a sulfotransferase.

What is in sulphuric acid?

Sulfuric acid (American spelling and the preferred IUPAC name) or sulphuric acid (Commonwealth spelling), known in antiquity as oil of vitriol, is a mineral acid composed of the elements sulfur, oxygen and hydrogen, with the molecular formula H ₂SO ₄.

Which is called oleum?

Oleum (Latin oleum, meaning oil), or fuming sulfuric acid, is a term referring to solutions of various compositions of sulfur trioxide in sulfuric acid, or sometimes more specifically to disulfuric acid (also known as pyrosulfuric acid).

What is oleum in chemistry class 10?

Oleum or sulfuric acid fuming is a solution of various sulfuric trioxide compounds in sulfuric acid or often called as disulfuric acid also known as pyrosulfuric acid.