What can mimic Epstein-Barr?

Epstein-Barr virus is the cause of classic infectious mononucleosis

infectious mononucleosis

Infectious mononucleosis. Other names. Glandular fever, Pfeiffer's disease, Filatov's disease, kissing disease. Swollen lymph nodes in the neck of a person with infectious mononucleosis.

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Infectious mononucleosis - Wikipedia

. Other infections may mimic Epstein-Barr virus infectious mononucleosis, for example, cytomegalovirus, human herpes virus-6, toxoplasmosis, lymphoma, cat scratch fever, and rubella.

What can be mistaken for EBV?

EBV is also the most common infectious trigger of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis [2, 3]. The presentation of both diseases mimics lymphoreticular malignancies and frequently it can be mistaken for leukemia and lymphomas.

Can EBV be mistaken for cancer?

However, biopsies can lead to misdiagnosis, as acute EBV in lymphoid tissue can mimic both Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) resulting in inappropriate diagnosis and treatment [2,5]. EBV causes tumor formation by modifying B-cell growth transcription factors [6,7].

Can you get a false positive for EBV?

Heterophile antibody detection is frequently used for confirmation of a diagnosis of acute primary EBV infection but leads to false-positive (5%) and false-negative (10 to 20%) results in adults (2). False-negative rates are even higher in children, especially those under 4 years old (8, 9).

What virus is similar to mono?

Cytomegalovirus and human herpesvirus 6 are the most common non-EBV causes of mononucleosis-like illness.

Mononucleosis (Epstein-Barr Virus)

Can mono be confused with anything else?

Mononucleosis is frequently mistaken for other illnesses, such as strep throat, chronic fatigue, or another infection, because the symptoms can overlap, Ramilo says.

What mimics glandular fever?

In some cases, glandular fever is clinically indistinguishable from other causes of sore throat. Streptococcal and viral pharyngitis should always be considered. Viral pharyngitis is the most likely alternative diagnosis to glandular fever. The most frequent causes are adenovirus and influenza.

Can a positive mono test be something else?

In rare cases, the test is positive even though you do not have mono. This is called a false-positive result, and it may occur in people with: Hepatitis. Leukemia or lymphoma.

What can cause a positive EBV test?

Chronic EBV infection is linked to cancers including Hodgkin lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma and cancer of the nose and throat (nasopharyngeal cancer). Since approximately 90% of us have EBV, testing positive isn't significant unless you have EBV-like symptoms that can't be explained by another cause.

How do I know if my EBV is reactivated?

What are two major symptoms of Epstein-Barr virus infection?

How long can you live with chronic active EBV?

Prognosis. Up to 2019 June, ten patients in CAEBV group died within 5 years of disease onset. The common direct cause of death included hemorrhage, disseminated intravascular coagulation and hemophagocytic syndrome. The average survival time is 21 months.

Are HPV and EBV related?

Co-infection of EBV and HPV is frequently found in endemic NPC, but it is less common in Caucasians than in Asian populations; HPV is an important etiologic factor in EBV-positive NPC among Caucasians [¹⁵]. Furthermore, co-infection of HPV and EBV may also cooperatively affect neoplastic transformation [⁵³].

Can lymphoma be confused with mono?

Viruses cause some types of NHL. The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the virus that causes mononucleosis, also known as "mono," and it is associated with some types of NHL. These include Burkitt lymphoma, lymphomas occurring after an organ transplant, and, rarely, other lymphomas in people who are otherwise healthy.

Can lymphoma be mistaken for glandular fever?

Hodgkin lymphoma is one of the most common cancers affecting children and young adults. Although the cure rate is high, it's easily mistaken for other diseases, like glandular fever.

Can leukemia be confused with mono?

William Dameshek [6] sug- gested that “Mononucleosis may be a self-limited form of leukemia in which a new kind of cell growth develops, stops, and then reverses itself. The numerous antibodies formed in the course of mononucleosis help distinguish the disease from leukemia.

What can cause false positive mono test?

Can you have EBV without mono?

Many people are exposed to EBV as kids. But that doesn't always mean you'll get mono. You can carry the virus in your body for your entire life without ever having symptoms of mono. EBV is part of the herpes virus family.

Can EBV cause neurological symptoms?

A previous study demonstrated that EBV can cause neurological disease even in the absence of acute EBV infection, as evidenced by the detection of BZLF1 mRNA in most EBV patients with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples, indicating active EBV replication in the CNS(Lee et al., ...

Can a mono diagnosis be wrong?

Monospot tests can be false-negative about 10% to 15% of the time, particularly in the early stages of the illness. You stand an approximately 25% chance of getting a false-negative test result if you are tested within the first week of symptom onset.

Does glandular fever always show up in blood tests?

Diagnosis of glandular fever is primarily based on history of signs and symptoms of the infection, physical examination and is confirmed by blood tests.

How long does EBV IgG stay positive?

Anti-EA IgG appears in the acute phase of illness and generally falls to undetectable levels after three to six months. In many people, detection of antibody to EA is a sign of active infection.

Is CMV same as mono?

Some otherwise healthy people with CMV infection develop a mononucleosis-like syndrome. CMV is a type of herpes virus. All herpes viruses remain in your body for the rest of your life after infection. If your immune system becomes weakened in the future, this virus may have the chance to reactivate, causing symptoms.

What causes mono flare ups?

But rarely, mononucleosis symptoms may recur months or even years later. Most cases of mononucleosis are caused by infection with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Once you're infected with EBV, you carry the virus — usually in a dormant state — for the rest of your life. Sometimes, however, the virus may reactivate.

Can mono trigger autoimmune disease?

Mono and your genetic code

They looked at genes activated in immune cells called B lymphocytes that are involved in fighting viral infections. Researchers found that the virus protein binds to several locations along the human genome that are linked to an increased risk of autoimmune diseases.