What are the three genera of spirochetes?

Examples of genera of spirochetes include Spirochaeta, Treponema, Borrelia, and Leptospira.

What are the main classes of spirochetes?

The spirochetes are presently classified in the Class Spirochaetes in the order Spirochetales and are divided into three major phylogenetic groupings, or families. The first family Spirochaetaceae contains species of the genera Borrelia, Brevinema, Cristispira, Spirochaeta, Spironema, and Treponema.

How many spirochetes are there?

Although spirochetes are not a large group -- there are only six genera -- they have had tremendous impact on our lives. Both syphilis and Lyme disease are caused by these bacteria, and other species are important symbionts in the stomachs of cows and other ruminants.

What are spirochetes in microbiology?

Spirochetes are spiral-shaped bacteria. Some are part of the normal mucosal flora, but several are important pathogens. Four genera are pathogenic in humans, namely Treponema, Borrelia, Leptospira, and Spirillum. Syphilis (formerly called lues) is caused by Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum.

Are spirochetes a genus?

The Spirochaetaceae family includes four genera: Spirochaeta, Cristispira, Treponema, and Borrelia. Two of these genera—Spirochaeta and Cristispira—are considered free-living and commensal, respectively. The other three genera—Treponema, Borrelia, and Leptospira—contain pathogenic species.

The Spirochetes

Which of the following genera have members that are pathogenic spirochetes?

spirochete, (order Spirochaetales), also spelled spirochaete, any of a group of spiral-shaped bacteria, some of which are serious pathogens for humans, causing diseases such as syphilis, yaws, Lyme disease, and relapsing fever. Examples of genera of spirochetes include Spirochaeta, Treponema, Borrelia, and Leptospira.

What are the three main shapes of bacteria?

Individual bacteria can assume one of three basic shapes: spherical (coccus), rodlike (bacillus), or curved (vibrio, spirillum, or spirochete).

Are spirochetes protozoa?

3. Most species of spirochaetes are, like protozoa, soluble in lipoid solvents (best in 5% bile salts and hemolytic substances); in bacteria this is seldom the case.

What are the two types of bacteria?

Aerobes, or aerobic bacteria, can only grow where there is oxygen. Some types can cause problems for the human environment, such as corrosion, fouling, problems with water clarity, and bad smells. Anaerobes, or anaerobic bacteria, can only grow where there is no oxygen.

Is malaria a spirochete?

For centuries, spirochetes have made life miserable for humans. Together with the plague, cholera, malaria, leprosy and TB, spirochetal illnesses such as syphilis, relapsing fever, rat bite fever and, most recently, Lyme disease, have shaped the course of medical history.

Is lepto a spirochete?

Structure, Classification, and Antigenic Types. Leptospira is a flexible, spiral-shaped, Gram-negative spirochete with internal flagella.

Is a tick a spirochete?

Ticks are the best documented vectors of the spirochete. Borrelia burgdorferi has been isolated from Ixodes dammini (Fig. 1), from Ixodes pacificus, and also from Amblyomma americanum. Lyme disease—United States.

Which of the following genus belongs to family Spirochaetaceae?

The genus Borrelia belongs to the family Spirochaetaceae. It consists of two groups: species that cause Lyme disease and species that cause relapsing fever (Table 242-1).

Which of the following genera represents deeply branching bacteria?

Scientists consider the deeply branching bacteria, such as the genus Acetothermus, to be the first of these non-LUCA forms of life produced by evolution some 3.5 billion years ago.

What is spirochetes morphology?

Spirochetes are bacteria with a spiral morphology ranging from loose coils to a rigid corkscrew shape. The three medically important genera include the cause of syphilis, the ancient scourge of sexual indiscretion, and Lyme disease, a more recently discovered consequence of an innocent walk in the woods.

Is campylobacter a spirochete?

A spirillum (plural spirilla) is a rigid spiral bacterium that is Gram-negative and frequently has external amphitrichous or lophotrichous flagella. Examples include: Members of the genus Spirillum. Campylobacter species, such as Campylobacter jejuni, a foodborne pathogen that causes campylobacteriosis.

Is syphilis a spirochete?

Syphilis is an infectious venereal disease caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum. Syphilis is transmissible by sexual contact with infectious lesions, from mother to fetus in utero, via blood product transfusion, and occasionally through breaks in the skin that come into contact with infectious lesions.

Is Bartonella a spirochete?

However, unlike Bartonella, they are considered spirochetes due to their unique spiral shape and highly specialized cell walls and membranes. The primary species that causes Lyme disease in North America is Borrelia burgdorferi.

What are 3 ways bacteria reproduce?

Bacteria reproduce by binary fission, resulting in two daughter cells identical to the parent cell. Bacteria can exchange DNA through the processes of conjugation, transformation, or transduction.

What are the 4 types of bacteria?

Bacteria can be classified based on their shape into bacillus, coccus, vibrio and spirillum.

What bacteria are Diplococci?

A diplococcus (plural diplococci) is a round bacterium (a coccus) that typically occurs in the form of two joined cells.

Where are spirochetes found?

Spirochetes are a group of six genera of spiral-shaped, slender bacteria of varying length. They are either free-living or host-associated. They are found in the human oral cavity, gastrointestinal tracts of humans, mammals, insects, and in marine environments.

What type of organism is Treponema pallidum?

Treponema pallidum is a corkscrew-shaped (spirochete) bacterium.

What are the pathogenesis of spirochetes?

Pathogenic spirochetes are the causative agents of several important diseases including syphilis, Lyme disease, leptospirosis, swine dysentery, periodontal disease and some forms of relapsing fever.