What are the three features most clearly associated with the presence of sepsis and septic shock?

Diagnosis of shock (septic or otherwise) per WHO criteria requires the presence of all three of the following: cold extremities, prolonged capillary refill >3 seconds, and weak/fast pulse.
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Which of the following are the 3 effects of septic shock?

sepsis. Septic shock is a severe complication of sepsis that can include very low blood pressure, an altered mental state, and organ dysfunction.
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What are the features of sepsis?

These can include:
  • feeling dizzy or faint.
  • a change in mental state – such as confusion or disorientation.
  • diarrhoea.
  • nausea and vomiting.
  • slurred speech.
  • severe muscle pain.
  • severe breathlessness.
  • less urine production than normal – for example, not urinating for a day.
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What indicates the presence of septic shock?

Septic shock is defined by persisting hypotension requiring vasopressors to maintain a mean arterial pressure of 65 mm Hg or higher and a serum lactate level greater than 2 mmol/L (18 mg/dL) despite adequate volume resuscitation.
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What are the 5 signs of sepsis?

Sepsis Symptoms
  • Fever and chills.
  • Very low body temperature.
  • Peeing less than usual.
  • Fast heartbeat.
  • Nausea and vomiting.
  • Diarrhea.
  • Fatigue or weakness.
  • Blotchy or discolored skin.
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Shock and Sepsis Explained Clearly (Remastered) Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Pathophysiology



What are the three most common causes of sepsis?

Bacterial infections are the most common cause of sepsis. Sepsis can also be caused by fungal, parasitic, or viral infections. The source of the infection can be any of a number of places throughout the body.
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What are the early warning signs of sepsis?

The signs and symptoms of sepsis can include a combination of any of the following:
  • confusion or disorientation,
  • shortness of breath,
  • high heart rate,
  • fever, or shivering, or feeling very cold,
  • extreme pain or discomfort, and.
  • clammy or sweaty skin.
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What are the 3 types of shock?

The main types of shock include: Cardiogenic shock (due to heart problems) Hypovolemic shock (caused by too little blood volume) Anaphylactic shock (caused by allergic reaction)
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Which assessment findings can be characteristic of septic shock?

Disability: mental status changes occur as shock progresses. restlessness → agitation → anxiousness → decreased mental status (warm and cold shock)
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What is difference between sepsis and septic shock?

ANSWER: Sepsis is a serious complication of an infection. It often triggers various symptoms, including high fever, elevated heart rate and fast breathing. If sepsis goes unchecked, it can progress to septic shock — a severe condition that occurs when the body's blood pressure falls and organs shut down.
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What does sepsis look like?

Signs of sepsis are: • Pale, blotchy or blue skin, lips or tongue. Blotchy skin is when parts of your skin are a different colour than normal. Sometimes it is hard to know if you or somebody you look after has sepsis, or if it is something else, like flu or a chest infection.
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How do sepsis occur?

Sepsis develops when an existing infection triggers an extreme immune system response in your body. When you experience an infection, your immune system responds by releasing proteins and other chemicals to fight it. Sepsis occurs when this response gets out of control, triggering extensive inflammation.
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What are the stages of sepsis?

What are the 3 stages of sepsis? The three stages of sepsis are: sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock. When your immune system goes into overdrive in response to an infection, sepsis may develop as a result.
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What are the characteristics of shock?

Signs and symptoms of shock vary depending on circumstances and may include:
  • Cool, clammy skin.
  • Pale or ashen skin.
  • Bluish tinge to lips or fingernails (or gray in the case of dark complexions)
  • Rapid pulse.
  • Rapid breathing.
  • Nausea or vomiting.
  • Enlarged pupils.
  • Weakness or fatigue.
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What should you evaluate to recognize septic shock?

low blood pressure (hypotension) that makes you feel dizzy when you stand up. a change in your mental state, such as confusion or disorientation. diarrhoea. nausea and vomiting.
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What are the symptoms of shock?

Common signs and symptoms of shock include:
  • Low blood pressure.
  • Altered mental state, including reduced alertness and awareness, confusion, and sleepiness.
  • Cold, moist skin. Hands and feet may be blue or pale.
  • Weak or rapid pulse.
  • Rapid breathing and hyperventilation.
  • Decreased urine output.
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What are the different types of shocks?

The four major types are:
  • obstructive shock.
  • cardiogenic shock.
  • distributive shock.
  • hypovolemic shock.
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What are the 4 shocks?

The four types of shock include distributive shock, cardiogenic shock, hypovolemic shock, and obstructive shock.
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What are the four main categories of shock?

There are mainly four broad categories of shock: distributive, hypovolemic, cardiogenic, and obstructive. [1] The wide range of etiologies can contribute to each of these categories and are manifested by the final outcome of shock.
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What are the complications of sepsis?

Some possible complications of sepsis are:
  • Kidney failure.
  • Tissue death (gangrene) of fingers or toes that may require amputation.
  • Permanent lung damage from acute respiratory distress syndrome.
  • Permanent brain damage, which can cause memory problems or more severe symptoms.
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What septic means?

Definition of septic

1 : of, relating to, or causing putrefaction. 2 : relating to, involving, caused by, or affected with sepsis septic patients. 3 : used for sewage treatment and disposal a septic system also : of or relating to a septic system septic effluents.
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Who does sepsis most commonly appear in?

Who's more likely to get sepsis. Anyone with an infection can get sepsis. Some people are more likely to get an infection that could lead to sepsis, including: babies under 1, particularly if they're born early (premature) or their mother had an infection while pregnant.
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What are the six steps of sepsis?

The six steps to follow if a patient has sepsis symptoms
  1. Ensure senior clinician attends. This is a relatively recent addition. ...
  2. Oxygen if required. Start if oxygen saturations are less than 92% and aim for oxygen saturations of 94-98%. ...
  3. Obtain IV access, take bloods. ...
  4. Give IV antibiotics. ...
  5. Give IV fluids. ...
  6. Monitor.
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Are there different types of sepsis?

Again, they found four types of sepsis with similar clinical characteristics. The proportions for the four types were also similar to the 2010-2012 results: 29% for alpha, 29% for beta, 28% for gamma, and 14% for delta. The researchers next analyzed results from several clinical trials.
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What does sepsis look like on legs?

People with sepsis often develop a hemorrhagic rash—a cluster of tiny blood spots that look like pinpricks in the skin. If untreated, these gradually get bigger and begin to look like fresh bruises. These bruises then join together to form larger areas of purple skin damage and discoloration.
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