What are the problems in tuberculosis?

TB usually affects the lungs but it can also affect other parts of the body, such as brain, intestines, kidneys, or the spine. Symptoms of TB depend on where in the body the TB bacteria are growing.

Why is tuberculosis a problem?

Tuberculosis is primarily a socioeconomic problem associated with overcrowding, poor hygiene, lack of fresh water and limited access to health care. The lack of a well organized health care infrastructure for case finding and treatment of tuberculosis complicates disease control in these countries.

What are the problems associated with TB treatment?

There are several major problems associated with the currently available TB treatment. First, the duration and complexity of treatment result in nonadherence to treatment. This leads to suboptimal response (failure and relapse), the emergence of resistance, and continuous spread of the disease (168).

How big of a problem is TB?

In 2018, 1.7 billion people were infected by TB bacteria — roughly 23% of the world's population. TB is the leading infectious disease killer in the world, claiming 1.5 million lives each year.

When was tuberculosis a problem?

TB has been part of the human experience for a long time.

The earliest written mentions of TB were in India (3,300 years ago) and China (2,300 years ago). Throughout the 1600-1800s in Europe, TB caused 25% of all deaths. Similar numbers occurred in the United States.

What is Tuberculosis?

Who is affected by tuberculosis?

Tuberculosis mostly affects adults in their most productive years. However, all age groups are at risk. Over 95% of cases and deaths are in developing countries. People who are infected with HIV are 18 times more likely to develop active TB (see TB and HIV section below).

What are the 3 types of tuberculosis?

How does TB affect the body?

The general symptoms of TB disease include feelings of sickness or weakness, weight loss, fever, and night sweats. The symptoms of TB disease of the lungs also include coughing, chest pain, and the coughing up of blood. Symptoms of TB disease in other parts of the body depend on the area affected.

Who is most at risk for tuberculosis?

Does TB have a vaccine?

The BCG vaccine protects against tuberculosis, which is also known as TB. TB is a serious infection that affects the lungs and sometimes other parts of the body, such as the brain (meningitis), bones, joints and kidneys.

What are the long term effects of TB?

What are possible complications of TB? If TB of the lung is not treated early or if treatment isn't followed, long-lasting (permanent) lung damage can result. TB can also cause infection of the bones, spine, brain and spinal cord, lymph glands, and other parts of the body.

How do TB symptoms start?

Signs and symptoms of active TB include: Coughing for three or more weeks. Coughing up blood or mucus. Chest pain, or pain with breathing or coughing.

What are the most common side effects of TB medication?

Is TB still a problem?

Despite being preventable and treatable, TB remains the world's leading infectious disease killer, taking the lives of 1.4 million people in 2019 alone. Two billion people – one fourth of the world's population – are infected with the TB bacteria, with more than 10 million becoming ill with active TB disease each year.

What is causing TB to become a serious public health problem?

Most TB cases are caused by inhaling the bacteria. People can get TB when an infected person coughs, sneezes, speaks, sings, or laughs. Tuberculosis has been around for thousands of years, but it did not become a major health problem until the Industrial Revolution. Crowded living conditions helped it spread.

What are the types of tuberculosis?

What are the 5 causes of TB?

What is the prevention of TB?

The BCG vaccination

It is one of the most widely used vaccines worldwide, yet we still see around 9 million new cases of TB annually – a testament to the BCG's limited effectiveness. The BCG is: 80% effective in preventing TB for 15 years. more effective against complex forms of TB in children.

Is tuberculosis painful?

If TB affects your joints, you may develop pain that feels like arthritis. If TB affects your bladder, it may hurt to go to the bathroom and there may be blood in your urine. TB of the spine can cause back pain and leg paralysis. TB of the brain can cause headaches and nausea.

What is the fastest way to cure TB?

You'll be prescribed at least a 6-month course of a combination of antibiotics if you're diagnosed with active pulmonary TB, where your lungs are affected and you have symptoms. The usual treatment is: 2 antibiotics (isoniazid and rifampicin) for 6 months.

What is the first stage of tuberculosis?

TB infection happens in 4 stages: the initial macrophage response, the growth stage, the immune control stage, and the lung cavitation stage. These four stages happen over roughly one month.

How does TB affect the brain?

Untreated, this disorder can lead to seizures, hydrocephalus (accumulation of fluid in the brain cavity), deafness, mental retardation, paralysis of one side of the body (hemiparesis) and other neurological abnormalities.

Which food is good for TB patients?

Foods Rich in Vitamin A, C and E

Fruits and vegetables like orange, mango, sweet pumpkin and carrots, guava, amla, tomato, nuts and seeds are an excellent source of Vitamin A, C and E. These foods must be included in the daily diet regime of a TB patient.

Does TB affect eyes?

Tuberculosis can affect the eye either primarily with active infection or secondarily as a result of immune reaction to the mycobacterium. The conjunctiva, cornea, and sclera are sites of primary ocular involvement.

How many stages does TB have?

Being infected with the TB bacterium is not the same as having active tuberculosis disease. There are 3 stages of TB—exposure, latent, and active disease. A TB skin test or a TB blood test can diagnose the disease. Treatment exactly as recommended is necessary to cure the disease and prevent its spread to other people.