What are the different types of alexia?

Four patterns of alexia (or dyslexia) have been recognized: letter-by-letter reading, deep, phonological, and surface dyslexia.

What is deep alexia?

Deep Alexia. The defining feature of deep alexia is the production of semantic paralexias when reading aloud. A semantic paralexia is a type of reading error in which the word produced is related in meaning to the written target word.

What is mild alexia?

Alexia ranges on a spectrum from very mild reading deficit to a complete inability to comprehend written language often associated with agraphia, the inability to write.

What is central alexia?

Central alexia (CA; also known as alexia with agraphia; Dejerine, 1891) is a reading disorder that occurs within the context of a generalized language disorder (aphasia). Patients with CA find reading slow and effortful and make frequent errors (Leff and Starrfelt, 2013).

What is surface alexia?

Surface dyslexia is a type of dyslexia, or reading disorder. According to Marshall & Newcombe's (1973) and McCarthy & Warrington's study (1990), patients with this kind of disorder cannot recognize a word as a whole due to the damage of the left parietal or temporal lobe.

Word Blindness - Pure Alexia. The Ways Your Brain Can Break

What is peripheral alexia?

Pure or peripheral alexia is characterised by slow and inaccurate reading or by a reading “letter-by- letter” strategy. Central Alexia which is part of a general language disorder characterized by language errors as well as reading disabilities.

What is functional alexia?

Alexia, or acquired dyslexia, refers to a deficit in reading following damage to the brain in previously literate individuals. Alexia is different from developmental dyslexia, which is a developmental deficit in learning to read.

What is pure alexia?

Pure alexia is a selective impairment of reading in the absence of other language deficits and occurs as a consequence of brain injury in previously literate individuals. The syndrome has intrigued researchers for well over a century and is the most studied of the acquired reading disorders.

What is acquired alexia?

The acquired alexia with agraphia syndrome is a conspicuous disorder of reading and writing in the absence of significant other language impairments that has mainly been recorded in adults. Pure cases are rare, with most patients displaying mild aphasic deficits.

What is alexia with agraphia?

Abstract. Alexia with agraphia is defined as an acquired impairment affecting reading and writing ability. It can be associated with aphasia, but can also occur as an isolated entity.

What are the symptoms of alexia?

Alexia means the inability to comprehend written material. The patients' ability to write and spell is intact, but they are unable to spontaneously read, even what they have written seconds ago. Other features of language, such as speech comprehension, are usually intact.

What part of the brain is affected by alexia?

Pure alexia typically results from a stroke within the distribution of the left posterior cerebral artery or from a tumor located in the posterior left hemisphere of the brain. In most cases, the left occipital lobe is damaged such that the primary visual cortex is destroyed.

What is verbal alexia?

a form of agnosia in which an individual may recognize single letters but not whole words or combinations of letters.

What is alexia SLP?

116: Alexia: an Introduction to Assessment and Treatment with Brett McCardel, MS, CCC-SLP. Alexia is an acquired impairment of reading that can manifest in a variety of reading challenges, ranging anywhere from identifying single letters to reading text-length passages.

How many different forms of dyslexia are there?

The 4 types of dyslexia include phonological dyslexia, surface dyslexia, rapid naming deficit, and double deficit dyslexia. Dyslexia is a learning disorder where the person often has difficulty reading and interpreting what they read.

What does agraphia mean?

Agraphia may be defined as a loss or impairment of the ability to produce written language, caused by brain dysfunction.

Is alexia a type of aphasia?

Abstract. Alexia is an acquired disturbance in reading. Alexias that occur after left hemisphere damage typically result from linguistic deficits and may occur as isolated symptoms or as part of an aphasia syndrome.

What causes Alexia without agraphia?

Alexia without agraphia (or pure alexia) is an acquired reading disorder in which the patient is unable to read, despite preservation of other aspects of language such as spelling and writing. Pure alexia is usually caused by an occlusion of distal (posterior) branches of the left posterior cerebral artery.

What is alexia PDF?

Alexia refers to an impairment in reading caused by injury to the brain in patients who could read normally before their brain injury.

What is an example of alexia?

For example, the irregular word “onion” would be difficult to pronounce simply by sounding out the letters o-n-i-o-n, and the irregular word “pint” might be mispronounced to rhyme with “hint” or “mint.” Patients with this form of alexia can still read aloud even unfamiliar words as long as the spelling is regular, and ...

Where is Wernicke's area?

Wernicke area, region of the brain that contains motor neurons involved in the comprehension of speech. This area was first described in 1874 by German neurologist Carl Wernicke. The Wernicke area is located in the posterior third of the upper temporal convolution of the left hemisphere of the brain.

What is the Broca's aphasia?

Broca's dysphasia (also known as Broca's aphasia)

It involves damage to a part of the brain known as Broca's area. Broca's area is responsible for speech production. People with Broca's dysphasia have extreme difficulty forming words and sentences, and may speak with difficulty or not at all.

What is surface agraphia?

Surface agraphia (also called lexical agraphia) is characterized by relatively preserved ability to spell nonwords and regularly spelled words in the face of marked impairment of spelling words with irregular sound–letter correspondences, such as choir.

How is alexia treated?

What is nominal aphasia?

noun. aphasia in which the primary symptom is an inability to recall or recognize the names of objects.