What are the 4 politeness strategies?

In order to maintain and save person's face, people are supposed to use politeness strategies. Brown and Levinson (1987) suggest that there are four types of politeness strategies. They are bald on-record, negative politeness, positive politeness, and off-record strategy.

What are the types of politeness?

Brown and Levinson outline four main types of politeness strategies: bald on-record, negative politeness, positive politeness, and off-record (indirect) as well as simply not using the face-threatening act.

What is politeness discuss 3 strategies of politeness for effective communication?

Positive politeness strategies are intended to avoid giving offense by highlighting friendliness. These strategies include juxtaposing criticism with compliments, establishing common ground, and using jokes, nicknames, honorifics, tag questions, special discourse markers (please), and in-group jargon and slang.

What are the two types of politeness?

Brown and Levinson propose four politeness strategies: Bald on-record, Positive politeness, Negative politeness, and Off-record (indirect).

What is politeness strategies in pragmatics?

Politeness strategies (strategi kesantunan) are ways that used by someone to convey her/his utterances politely. Politeness strategies can be observed in daily life and in talk shows.

Politeness Strategies

What are the strategies of making language polite?

The strategy of language politeness as one of the efforts to build the character of a nation can be effected through: 1) family education by having habitual, creating a conducive atmosphere and guidance; 2) positive language attitudes, both local and national languages, by building cognitive, affective, and connative ...

What are parameters of politeness?

Blum-Kulka assumes that there are four parameters or factors that influence the understanding of the notion of politeness: social motivations, expressive modes, social differentials and social meanings.

What is the importance of politeness?

Politeness is behaving in a respectful and considerate manner towards other people. Every person wants to hear good things and see good behaviors towards themselves. Therefore it's important to behave in a polite and pleasing way towards others.

What is the function of politeness?

The goal of politeness is to get good relation with other,being polite is also can make more respecting each other. other.In conveying intention, people use strategies in their communication, and it is a part of the language user's communicative competence.

How do you show politeness?

Why does a communication strategy should be used with politeness?

Politeness strategies are designed to protect both the speaker's and the hearer's face during the course of ordinary interaction.

What is positive face and negative face?

Negative Face- is the need to be independent, to have freedom of action, and not to be imposed on by others. ✦ Positive Face- the need for self-image to be accepted, appreciated and approved of by others. To be treated as a member of the same group and to know that his wants are shared by others.

What is politeness in conversation?

Linguistic politeness can be defined as the ways in which language is employed in conversation to show consideration for the feelings and desires of one's interlocutors, to create and uphold interpersonal relationships (so-called politic behavior), and to comply with the rules for what society or one's culture ...

What is true politeness?

Politeness is the practical application of good manners or etiquette so as not to offend others. It is a culturally defined phenomenon, and therefore what is considered polite in one culture can sometimes be quite rude or simply eccentric in another cultural context.

What is the difference between positive and negative politeness?

A positive politeness strategy seeks to minimize threat to hearer's positive face and make the hearer feel good about him/herself. A negative politeness strategy is avoidance based and it presumes that the speaker will be imposing on the hearer.

How does politeness affect communication?

Politeness gets your message delivered and responded to in the ways you want. When you communicate with courtesy and with a posture that seeks a positive outcome, that will likely get your message across without push back or dismissal. A polite person (or company) will have a stronger, more persuasive brand.

How do you use politeness theory?

This theory relies on the assumption that most speech acts inherently threaten either the speaker or the hearer's face, and that politeness is therefore a necessary component of unoffensive, i.e. non-face threatening, communication and involves the redressing of positive and negative face.

What is politeness according to Brown and Levinson?

According to Brown and Levinson (1987), politeness is the way to convey the utterance as polite as possible which in this case is needed to minimize conflict with others [2]. One of the forms of communication which expresses politeness is apology.

What are the examples of polite expressions?

a. Words that are polite include "Please," "Thank you," and "Excuse me." "Excuse me" is what I say when I would like the attention of another person.

What are the three face needs?

These are fellowship face, competence face, and autonomy face. Fellowship face is the need to have others like and accept you. This liking and acceptance shows that we have the ability to get along well with others, which is important for succeeding in a society.

What are face threatening acts?

A Face-threatening Act (FTA) is an act (linguistic or non-linguistic) that threatens someone's positive or negative face. It may be bald or mitigated, and it may be on record or off record.

What is an example of negative face?

Negative Face

Order: “Please give me that book.” -> The speaker expresses an anticipation of some future action of the hearer and thereby restricts his/her personal freedom. Promise: “I promise I will come by tomorrow.” -> The speaker states a future action in which the hearer should be involved.

What are examples of positive face?

The positive face is defined as the individual desire of a person that his/ her personality is appreciated by others. Furthermore, this includes the way a person wants to be perceived by his/ her social group. One example for positive face is the appreciation of individual achievements.

What are positive face needs?

Positive face needs are a person's need to be liked and accepted and are more commonly (although not exclusively), associated with informal language.

Why is it important to preserve your own positive face and that of others?

Face-Assertion or Self Positive-Face is the need to defend and protect one's need for inclusion and association. Face-Giving or Other Positive-Face is the need to defend and support the other person's need for inclusion and association.