What are the 3 main phases of anaesthesia?

It can be divided into three stages: induction, main- tenance and emergence. In regional anaesthesia, nerve transmis- sion is blocked, and the patient may stay awake or be sedated or anaesthetized dur- ing a procedure.

What is Level 3 anesthesia?

Level 3 (deep sedation) – the patient can respond to repeated painful stimuli, he can't be aroused easily. The patient may need help breathing but the heart function still remains normal.

What is the first stage of anaesthesia?

Stage 1 - Analgesia or Disorientation: This stage can be initiated in a preoperative anesthesiology holding area, where the patient is given medication and may begin to feel its effects but has not yet become unconscious. This stage is usually described as the "induction stage." Patients are sedated but conversational.

What are the 4 pillars of anesthesia?

analgesia. muscle relaxation. diminished motor response to noxious stimuli. reversibility.

What are the 6 types of anesthesia?

The Stages of Anesthesia: The Basics (Guedel's Classificaiton)

What is Phase 2 anesthesia recovery?

Phase II recovery focuses on preparing patients for hospital discharge, including education regarding the surgeon's postoperative instructions and any prescribed discharge medications.

What is the order of stages of general Anaesthesia 1 marks?

Pre-oxygenation to fill lungs with oxygen to permit a longer period of apnea during intubation without affecting blood oxygen levels. Fentanyl for systemic analgesia for intubation. Propofol for sedation for intubation. Switching from oxygen to a mixture of oxygen and inhalational anesthetic.

What type of anesthesia is Propofol?

Propofol is an intravenous anesthetic used for procedural sedation, during monitored anesthesia care, or as an induction agent for general anesthesia.

Is there an antidote for propofol?

Physostigmine reverses propofol-induced unconsciousness and attenuation of the auditory steady state response and bispectral index in human volunteers. Anesthesiology.

Who Cannot use propofol?

You should not use propofol if you are allergic to it, or if you have: allergies to peanuts, eggs, egg products, soybeans or soy products.

What stage of anesthesia is intubation?

Stage III is also the stage in which a patient should be intubated.

What is the difference between Phase 1 and Phase 2 Recovery?

Phase 1 has monitoring and staffing ratios equivalent to the ICU. Phase 2 is a transitional period between intensive observation and either the surgical ward or home. The concept of bypassing or “fast-tracking” phase 1 is becoming more common as fast-offset anesthesia agents and practices are emerging.

What is PACU stand for?

POST-ANESTHESIA CARE UNIT. After receiving anesthesia for a surgery or procedure, a patient is sent to the PACU to recover and wake up.

What are the phases of post-anesthesia care?

Phases of Postanesthesia Care

The postanesthesia period may be separated into three levels of care: Phase I, Phase II, and Extended Care. 5 Each phase of recovery may occur in one PACU or in multiple locations, which may include the patient's room (see Table 1).

What is the most common general anesthesia?

Propofol (Diprivan®) is the most commonly used IV general anesthetic. In lower doses, it induces sleep while allowing a patient to continue breathing on their own.

What is clinical anaesthesia?

Clinical anesthesia is a practice of anesthesia to treat the patient who is undergoing a surgery or medical procedures. Clinical anesthesia addresses all the aspects such as anesthesia practice, anesthetic administration, pain treating and management rather than theoretical or laboratory studies.

What drug is used in anaesthesia?

Propofol, etomidate, and ketamine are the intravenous (IV) sedative-hypnotic agents commonly used to induce general anesthesia (table 1), while adjuvant agents (eg, opioids, lidocaine, midazolam) are often used to supplement the effects of the primary sedative-hypnotic induction agent (table 2).

What are two types of laryngoscope blades?

The two most commonly available types of laryngoscope blades are the straight (Miller) and the curved (Macintosh, Mac).

What is the last reflex to disappear during anesthesia?

Stages of Anesthesia

Eyelash reflex disappear but other reflexes remain intact and coughing, vomiting and struggling may occur; respiration can be irregular with breath-holding.

Can an RN push propofol?

Registered Nurses, who are competent in the procedure through education and experience, may administer Propofol to intubated, ventilated patients in a critical care setting based on an appropriate medical order.

Are you intubated with propofol?

The package insert with the drug states that it should only be used by persons trained in the administration of general anesthesia, which in this hospital means an anesthesiologist. In the ICU, it is restricted only for use in intubated, mechanically ventilated patients.

What is midazolam used for?

Midazolam injection is used before medical procedures and surgery to cause drowsiness, relieve anxiety, and prevent any memory of the event. It is also sometimes given as part of the anesthesia during surgery to produce a loss of consciousness.

What is the pH of propofol?

The pKa is 11. The octanol/water partition coefficient for propofol is 6761:1 at a pH of 6 to 8.5.