What are four harmful maternal behaviors that can affect the developing child?

Most expectant women are warned that drinking alcohol, smoking and even eating unpasteurized cheeses can have serious consequences for the growth and development of their unborn children. But there are other ways in which a pregnant woman influences the later health of her child.
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What are the 4 factors that can affect the prenatal development?

Prenatal risk factors include:
  • Preconceptional factors.
  • Infections.
  • Exposure to toxins.
  • Maternal chronic illness.
  • Maternal nutritional deficiencies.
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What are the effects of maternal stress on child development?

Many independent prospective studies have now shown that if a mother is stressed, anxious or depressed while pregnant, her child is at increased risk for having a range of problems, including emotional problems, ADHD, conduct disorder and impaired cognitive development.
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What are the 7 factors that affects growth and development inside the mother's womb?

Genetic, nutritional, environmental, uteroplacental, and fetal factors have been suggested to influence fetal growth. Uteroplacental and umbilical blood flow and transplacental glucose and fetal insulin are major determinants of fetal growth.
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What factors affect a child during the mother's pregnancy?

There are several important environment factors that affect the way that the fetus develops inside the womb the mother. These factors include (1) smoking (2) medicinal drugs (3) recreational drugs (4) alcohol (5) pathogens (6) radiation (7) malnutrition and (8) excess vitamins.
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Associations Between Prenatal Maternal Cortisol Levels and the Developing Human Brain



What are the factors that affect child development?

Factors That Affecting Growth And Development in kids - Smartivity
  • Genetics. This is one factor we can't really help but transfer to our children without any interference. ...
  • Environment. ...
  • Gender. ...
  • Physical and Mental Well Being. ...
  • Nutrition. ...
  • Family & Social Life. ...
  • Education. ...
  • Play.
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What are the maternal factors that have negative impact to prenatal development?

Maternal factors
  • Pre-existing medical conditions (for example polycystic ovary syndrome, diabetes and endometriosis)
  • Maternal stress and mental health (including socio-economic factors, stigmas)
  • Environmental exposures (for example smoking, alcohol and pollution)
  • Obesity/high BMI.
  • Microbiota.
  • Breastfeeding.
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What are 5 factors that contribute to birth defects?

Researchers think that most birth defects are caused by a complex mix of factors, which can include:
  • Genetics. ...
  • Chromosomal problems. ...
  • Exposures to medicines, chemicals, or other toxic substances. ...
  • Infections during pregnancy. ...
  • Lack of certain nutrients.
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What are 5 environmental factors that affect fetal development?

  • Smoking.
  • Metals.
  • Inhalational Anesthetics.
  • Organic Solvents.
  • Air Pollution.
  • Pesticide Workers.
  • Radiation.
  • Stress.
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What behaviors must a woman avoid engaging in when she decides to try to become pregnant or when she finds out she is pregnant?

Smoking, drinking alcohol, and using certain drugs can cause many problems during pregnancy, such as premature birth, birth defects, and infant death.
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How does maternal health affect child growth and development?

In addition to health and nutrition, children gain cognitive, language, and personal–social skills through interactions with family members. When symptoms of maternal depression disrupt parenting interactions, children's health and development can be compromised.
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What is maternal stress most likely to negatively impact?

Maternal stress has been associated with poor birth outcomes including preterm birth, infant mortality and low birthweight. Stress results in increases in cortisol, norepinephrine and inflammation which affect the fetal environment and have implications for maternal and infant health.
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How does maternal health affect the child?

Untreated paternal or maternal mental health can have several significant impacts on the emotional and behavioral health of a child, such as: Decreased Social Functioning. Lowered Academic Performance. Childhood/Adolescent Mental Health Disorders.
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What are 4 factors that influence how much damage a teratogen does?

The following factors determine how dangerous teratogen exposure is during pregnancy:
  • The drug, substance or type of toxin.
  • How long the pregnant person was exposed.
  • The amount of exposure (dosage or quantity).
  • The gestational age of the fetus (weeks of pregnancy) at exposure.
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What are the most common problems in prenatal development?

Some common complications of pregnancy include, but are not limited to, the following.
  • High Blood Pressure. ...
  • Gestational Diabetes. ...
  • Infections. ...
  • Preeclampsia. ...
  • Preterm Labor. ...
  • Depression & Anxiety. ...
  • Pregnancy Loss/Miscarriage.
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What are the 4 major environmental factors?

Air, water, climate, soil, natural vegetation and landforms are all environmental factors. By definition, the environmental factors affect everyday living, and play a key role in bringing health differences across the geographic areas.
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What are 4 environmental factors that affect growth?

Environmental factors that affect plant growth include light, temperature, water, humidity and nutrition. It's important to understand how these factors affect plant growth and development.
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What are some 3 examples of environmental factors that can cause birth defects?

Environmental Exposures and Birth Defects

Some endocrine-disrupting chemicals, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins, and pesticides, have been linked to nervous system defects and developmental problems such as reduced muscle tone and response.
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What are the 4 most common birth defects?

The most common birth defects are:
  • heart defects.
  • cleft lip/palate.
  • Down syndrome.
  • spina bifida.
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What are 7 birth defects examples?

  • Anophthalmia / Microphthalmia.
  • Anotia/Microtia.
  • Cleft Lip / Cleft Palate.
  • Congenital Heart Defects. Atrial Septal Defect. Atrioventricular Septal Defect. Coarctation of the Aorta. D-Transposition of the Great Arteries. Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome. ...
  • Craniosynostosis.
  • Diaphragmatic Hernia.
  • Down Syndrome.
  • Esophageal Atresia.
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What are the 10 most common birth defects?

Here is a list of the top 10 most common birth defects, according to CDC statistics.
  • Congenital heart defects (CHD) Occurrence rate: 1 in every 110 births. ...
  • Hypospadias. ...
  • Ventricular septal defect. ...
  • Clubfoot. ...
  • Down syndrome. ...
  • Pulmonary valve atresia and stenosis. ...
  • Cleft lip with cleft palate. ...
  • Cleft palate.
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What are the four 4 environmental factors affecting child development?

Child growth and development are affected by 4 major types of environmental factors: biological, physical, psychosocial, and familial.
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What are the three basic issues of child development?

When studying development, we often distinguish between three basic aspects or domains of development: physical, cognitive, and social-emotional.
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What are the 3 delays that contribute to poor maternal/child health?

The "Three Delays" model proposes that pregnancy-related mortality is overwhelmingly due to delays in: (1) deciding to seek appropriate medical help for an obstetric emergency; (2) reaching an appropriate obstetric facility; and (3) receiving adequate care when a facility is reached.
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What are the major maternal health problems?

The most common direct causes of maternal injury and death are excessive blood loss, infection, high blood pressure, unsafe abortion, and obstructed labour, as well as indirect causes such as anemia, malaria, and heart disease.
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