How is caustic soda manufactured Class 11?

Caustic soda is manufactured through the electrolysis of sodium chloride (salt brine).

How is caustic soda prepared Class 11?

It is generally prepared by electrolysis of sodium chloride in Castner-kellner cell. A brine solution is electrolyzed using mercury cathode and carbon anode. Sodium metal, discharged at the cathode, combine with mercury to form sodium amalgam. Cl gas is evolved at the cathode.

What is caustic soda Class 11?

Caustic Soda

It is a white, translucent solid that melts at 591 K. It readily dissolves in water and gives a strong alkaline solution. The crystals of sodium hydroxide are deliquescent. It reacts with CO₂ in the atmosphere to form Na₂CO₃.

How is caustic soda manufactured by Castner-Kellner cell?

In castner-kellner method NaOH is prepared by the electrolysis of aqueous solution of NaCl(Brine). i.e. 25 gm of NaCl is dissolved in 75 gm of water. It is a rectangular tank of steel. Inside of tank is lined with "ebonite".

When caustic soda is manufactured from seawater one of its important by product is?

Electrolysis of concentrated brine solutions produces chlorine gas, hydrogen gas, and aqueous sodium hydroxide that is caustic soda. Therefore chlorine is produced in this reaction and is an important by-product of this reaction.

Castner and Kellner’s Cell Manufacturing Of NaOH (Hindi) | Class 11 | Chemistry

How do you manufacture NaOH?

Methods of production

This involves the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of sodium chloride. The sodium hydroxide builds up at the cathode, where water is reduced to hydrogen gas and hydroxide ion: 2Na⁺ + 2H₂O + 2e⁻ → H₂ + 2NaOH. To produce NaOH it is necessary to prevent reaction of the NaOH with the chlorine.

What is caustic soda made out of?

Caustic soda is the chemical compound sodium hydroxide (NaOH). This compound is an alkali – a type of base that can neutralize acids and is soluble in water. Today caustic soda can be manufactured in the form of pellets, flakes, powders, solutions and more.

How caustic soda is prepared in industry?

Caustic soda (usually as NaOH) is produced as a liquid. These are produced by passing an electrical current through brine (common salt dissolved in water). This is called electrolysis, a process which has been known for over 120 years.

What is prepared by Castner-Kellner process?

The Castner–Kellner process is a method of electrolysis on an aqueous alkali chloride solution (usually sodium chloride solution) to produce the corresponding alkali hydroxide, invented by American Hamilton Castner and Austrian Karl Kellner in the 1890s.

What is Castner-Kellner cell?

The Castner Kellner process is a method of electrolysis of sodium chloride solution to produce alkali hydroxide. It uses electrolyte of NaCl solution graphite anode and mercury cathode. In other cell sodium hydroxide is an electrolyte, Hg anode is used as an intermediate between two cells and an iron cathode.

How caustic soda is prepared from Nelson cell explain?

Nelson Diaphragm Cell

The diaphragm prevents the hydroxide ions from entering the anode compartment and the chloride ions from entering the cathode compartment. The saturated brine enters into the anode compartment, and resultantly, chlorine gas is produced.

How caustic soda is prepared from Nelson cell?

Nelson Diaphragm Cell

Saturated brine enters anode compartment where chlorine gas is produced. Anode (positive electrode): carbon (graphite) or titanium coated with Ru-Ti oxide. Na⁺ migrates across diaphragm to cathode compartment combining with OH^- to form NaOH.

How is NaOH produced commercially?

Sodium hydroxide is industrially produced as a 50% solution by variations of the electrolytic chloralkali process. Chlorine gas is also produced in this process. Solid sodium hydroxide is obtained from this solution by the evaporation of water.

How is sodium hydroxide prepared commercially by Castner-Kellner method?

Solution : Sodium hydroxide is generally prepared commercially by the electrolysis of sodium chloride in Castner-Kellner cell. A brine solution is electrolysed using a mercury cathode and a carbon anode. Sodium metal discharged at the cathode combines with mercury to form sodium amalgam.

When NaoH is prepared by Castner-Kellner process the gas released is?

In castner kellners method NaoH is prepared by electrolysis of aqueous solution of Nacl(Brine). Chlorine produced at the anode is removed from the top of the cell. Chlorine gas is also produced in this process. Solid NaoH is obtained from this solution by the evaporation of water.

Which gas is liberated at cathode in Castner-Kellner cell?

The sodium in the sodium amalgam gets oxidised to sodium ions while hydrogen is liberated at the cathode.

How is sodium manufactured?

Sodium is now produced commercially through the electrolysis of molten sodium chloride, based on a process patented in 1924. This is done in a Downs cell in which the NaCl is mixed with calcium chloride to lower the melting point below 700 °C.

What is Nelson cell process?

In Nelson Cell, electrolysis of concentrated sodium chloride solutions produces chlorine gas, hydrogen gas, and aqueous sodium hydroxide. Chlorine is produced at the anode. Hydrogen and sodium hydroxide both are produced at the cathode.

What is diaphragm cell?

[′dī·ə‚fram ‚sel] (chemical engineering) An electrolytic cell used to produce sodium hydroxide and chlorine from sodium chloride brine; porous diaphragm separates the anode and cathode compartments.

What is brine solution?

brine, salt water, particularly a highly concentrated water solution of common salt (sodium chloride). Natural brines occur underground, in salt lakes, or as seawater and are commercially important sources of common salt and other salts, such as chlorides and sulfates of magnesium and potassium.

What is another name for caustic soda?

sodium hydroxide (NaOH), also called caustic soda or lye, a corrosive white crystalline solid that contains the Na⁺ (sodium) cation and the OH⁻ (hydroxide) anion. It readily absorbs moisture until it dissolves.

Why is NaOH called caustic soda?

Caustic soda is an alkali salt which is also called Lye. It is the common name of sodium hydroxide. This name is given due to the corrosive nature of this salt on animal and plant tissues.

What is saline water?

First, what do we mean by "saline water?" Water that is saline contains significant amounts (referred to as "concentrations") of dissolved salts, the most common being the salt we all know so well—sodium chloride (NaCl).