How does pH affect liquid-liquid extraction?

Applying pH values from its natural value of 5.6–8, a range in which most industrial waters are lain, for the jets colliding force within 70.3–214.6 mN, leads a reduction in extraction efficiency and overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient up to about 18.9% and 35.2% respectively.

How does pH affect solvent extraction?

Effect of pH on the extraction process can be determined by calculating the value of comparative figures and extraction efficiency distribution. The amount of the distribution is a ratio of the amount of substance that extracted into the organic phase and the amount of substance that remains in the water phase.

What factors affect liquid-liquid extraction?

A number of cardinal factors exert a positive influence on the phenomenon of solvent extraction, namely : (a) Effect of temperature and inert solutes, (b) Effect of pH on extraction, (c) Effect of ion-pair formation, and (d) Effect of synergistic extraction.

How does pH affect distribution ratio?

The distribution constant is pH dependent and the term logD is used to reflect the pH dependent lipophilicity of a drug. The lower the pH of an aqueous solution, the further to the left is the position of equilibrium, i.e. increasing [drug molecule]water and decreasing [drug ion]water.

How can you increase the efficiency of liquid-liquid extraction?

In some cases, the efficiency of a liquid-liquid extraction process can be strongly improved by modifying the distribution coefficient. Thus, an organic acid would prefer the nonpolar solvent when not dissociated (i.e., at low pH) and the aqueous solvent when dissociated (i.e., at high pH).

Effect of pH on Partitioning

What are the factors affecting extraction process?

How can extraction efficiency be increased?

Finely crushed malt yields more extract. For most homebrewers, getting a better crush is the most effective way to increase their extract efficiency. The more finely malt is crushed, the higher your extract yield.

Why is pH important in liquid extraction?

Applying pH values from its natural value of 5.6–8, a range in which most industrial waters are lain, for the jets colliding force within 70.3–214.6 mN, leads a reduction in extraction efficiency and overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient up to about 18.9% and 35.2% respectively.

What is the optimum pH for extraction phase?

Therefore, pH 2, with 99.19% extraction efficiency, was chosen as an optimum pH.

Could pH affect the partition coefficient?

The study showed that both solubility and partition coefficient are pH-dependent, whereby solubility increases with increasing pH value above the pKa value, while partition coefficient decreases in the same conditions.

How does pH affect extraction efficiency?

If some ionic species are not soluble in the extract, higher extraction efficiency can be achieved by changing the pH of the raffinate. By changing the pH of the extraction system, the distribution coefficient of the solute can be changed to favor partitioning into the extract.

What factors affect the ratio of solvent and solute?

To understand how Temperature, Pressure, and the presence of other solutes affect the solubility of solutes in solvents.

What are the factors to consider in choosing a solvent for extraction?

What does extraction rely on?

Extraction works based on solubility and solubility is based on the principle of “like dissolves like”. Neutral organic compounds will dissolve in the relatively non-polar organic phase; highly polar and ionic compounds will dissolve in the aqueous phase.

What is extraction efficiency?

The extraction efficiency is the ratio of the amount of DNA recovered post extraction (quantity) to the original amount of DNA pre-extraction (known).

What is the pH of carbolic acid?

Figure 02: Structure of Carbolic Acid

Moreover, it is a weak acid, and in aqueous solution, it exists in equilibrium with phenolate anions. The pH of this aqueous solution can range from 8 to 12.

What property is liquid-liquid extraction based on?

Liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) is based on the principle that a solute or an analyte can distribute itself in a certain ratio between two immiscible solvents, usually water (aqueous phase) and organic solvent (organic phase).

What are the factors that affect solid phase extraction?

There are several important parameters that need to be optimized, such as composition, ratio, and amount of the washing solvent [92]. Polarity, pH value and the ionic concentration of the washing solution are potential factors that can affect the recovery of molecular imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE) [2, 24].

What is liquid-liquid preparation?

The liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) is one of the oldest sample preparation techniques. It allows , by a physical method , purification or the extraction of classes of compounds (solutes) of the matrix (eluent) wherein they are solubilized.

How does temperature affect solvent extraction?

At a fixed temperature of 70 °C, an increase in extraction time slightly decreased the yield. The highest yield was approximately 21.9% at a solvent ratio of 90:10 (water: ethanol) and an extraction time of 80 min. Solvent ratios alone had little effect on the yield.

What is the efficiency of solvent extraction technique?

Extraction efficiency is the percentage of solute that moves into the extracting phase; thus, the extraction efficiency is 60.0%.

How can you increase the yield of a product in solid liquid extraction?

To increase the efficiency of these extraction systems and to reduce the time of extraction, a temperature increase is used, which affects the increase in diffusion (Fick's law), in order to reduce extraction times and increase yields.

What are four characteristics of a good solvent for extraction?

Dissolves the compound to be extracted. Does not dissolve impurities. Volatile. Not toxic, not flammable.

What are the factors affecting oil extraction?

How does temperature affect liquid-liquid extraction?

Thus, increasing temperature will increase solute diffusion, speeding extractions, but the relationship with extraction rate is not necessarily linear.