How do you write 21st century in Chicago style?

The Chicago Manual of Style (Chicago style) and the Modern Language Association's MLA Handbook (MLA style) recommend writing centuries as lowercased words: During the ninth century, Vikings established permanent settlements in Ireland.

How do you write centuries in Chicago style?

Both the Chicago Manual of Style and the MLA Handbook recommend lower-case words for centuries (fifteenth century). The Associated Press Stylebook and APA recommend treating ordinal numbers (first, second) in the same way as cardinal numbers (one, two).

How do you write out 21st century?

Centuries may be written in either words or numerals. Note however that in formal writing, single-digit centuries (e.g., the ninth century) are generally spelled out instead of being written in figures. Double-digit centuries may be written either way (e.g., the 21st or the twenty-first century).

Should 21st century be hyphenated?

Centuries conform to the general rule for hyphenating a compound adjective. When it comes before the noun, include century in the hyphenation (in the case of twenty-first century and above). Afterward, do not (CMOS). It is now the twenty-first century.

Do you capitalize 21st century?

twenty-first century? My short answer for all specified contexts is twenty-first century. Unless the name of the century begins a sentence or is part of a proper name, it is written in all lowercase letters: We are living in the twenty-first century.

Chicago Style Format (17th) - Manuscript, Footnotes

Do you write 19th century or nineteenth century?

The Chicago Manual of Style (Chicago style) and the Modern Language Association's MLA Handbook (MLA style) recommend writing centuries as lowercased words: During the ninth century, Vikings established permanent settlements in Ireland. The first electric automobile was created in the early nineteenth century.

Should 19th century be hyphenated?

fourteenth- century monastery twenty- first- century history a mid- eighteenth- century poet late nineteenth- century politicians her style was nineteenth century Noun forms always open; ad- jectival compounds hyphenated before but not after a noun.

How do you write 21st century in AP style?

For centuries, spell out and use lowercase for first through ninth. All others use an Arabic number with the appropriate ending, such as 10th and 20th. The word century is always lowercase unless it's part of a proper name, as in 20th Century Fox.

Should 20th century be hyphenated?

The rule here is the same as when using hyphens elsewhere, so it depends on whether you're using the term adjectivally. For example, you might describe a digital wrist watch as “twentieth-century technology.” Here, we hyphenate the century because we're using it as a compound adjective modifying the word “technology.”

Is it 21st century or twenty first century?

The 21st (twenty-first) century is the current century in the Anno Domini era or Common Era, under the Gregorian calendar. It began on January 1, 2001 (MMI) and will end on December 31, 2100 (MMC). Centuries: 20th century.

Do you spell out 21st century in APA?

In other words, don't type out the century in APA format, but always write it as a numeral.

Should I write 20th century or twentieth?

Some publications spell out centuries (e.g., twentieth century), while others use numerals (e.g., 20th century) for centuries after the tenth. It's a matter of preference, so neither is inherently right or wrong.

How do you write years in Chicago style?

Month and year (Chicago 8.39) are written in the sequence month-year with no internal punctuation (e.g., April 1993). Centuries and decades (Chicago 8.40) should be spelled out in lowercase letters (e.g. ninth century, twentieth century).

How do you abbreviate 20th century?

This is largely a matter of style. The Chicago Manual of Style holds that the century should be spelled out (twentieth, not 20th) and that century not be capitalized. Other guides may disagree with this one. Whatever style you adopt, stay with a particular one.

How do you abbreviate 18th century?

C18 may refer to: . . . The 18th century (1701-1800AD) [Wikipedia]. // And from AHDEL: century n. . . . Abbr. C. or c. or cent.

Is 18th century hyphenated?

MLA style generally hyphenates elements of a compound adjective and does not use a hyphen for a noun phrase. A compound with mid is trickier, in that there is more than one way to style it. At mid-century the practice flourished. In the mid–eighteenth century [use an en dash] the practice flourished.

What is the 19th century in numbers?

The 19th (nineteenth) century began on 1 January 1801 (MDCCCI), and ended on 31 December 1900 (MCM). The 19th century was the ninth century of the 2nd millennium.

Is mid twentieth century hyphenated?

The hyphenated form lends itself better to compound modifiers, as in “mid-twentieth-century furniture.” So when the less common noun phrase is used, we prefer to retain the hyphen: “mid-twentieth century.” A similar logic has discouraged us from advising “midtwentieth century”—though we do recommend “midcentury.”

How do you write a 6th century AD?

A.D. is placed before the figure for the year. Do not write, “in the fifth century A.D.” B.C. is placed after the figure for the year. You must write, “in the fifth century B.C.”

How do you write an 18th century essay?

We can write centuries as either words or numerals (e.g. 'eighteenth century' or '18th century').

What century is 2020 called?

The 21st century is the present century of the Gregorian calendar. It began on January 1, 2001 and will last to December 31, 2100, though common usage mistakenly believes January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2099 to hold this distinction.

Do you capitalize the C in century?

A. Chicago style treats “century” like “day,” “month,” or “year”; we would lowercase it in all the contexts you cite.

Is century capitalized APA?

Middle school students often enjoy studying the social changes that took place in the Roaring Twenties . However, centuries—and the numbers before them—are not capitalized.