What material is used for apexification?

Traditionally, calcium hydroxide has been the material of choice for the apexification of immature permanent teeth; however, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate holds significant promise as an alternative to multiple treatments with calcium hydroxide.

How do you make apexification?

There are two steps to perform this procedure: the first is to disinfect the canal space and the second is to stimulate the apical barrier formation. Disinfection is achieved by placing a relatively thin mixture (less than toothpaste thick) of calcium hydroxide powder mixed with 0.12% chlorhexidine solution.

What is used for Apexogenesis?

Historically, calcium hydroxide (CaOH) has been the preferred material for apexogenesis and apexification. Both therapies require long-term follow-up with clinical and radiographic evaluations to confirm treatment success.

Is MTA used in apexification?

MTA offers the option of a two-visit apexification procedure so that the fragile tooth can be restored immediately. However, difficulty in placing the material in the wide apical area requires the use of an apical matrix. Materials such as collagen, calcium sulfate, and hydroxyapatite have been used for this purpose.

Can calcium hydroxide be used for apexification?

Based on the existing literature and our present cases, both MTA and calcium hydroxide can be used efficiently for apexification procedure. Considering the time duration for the apex closure MTA has superior properties when compared with calcium hydroxide.

Can Metapex be used for Apexification?

Metapex (mixture of calcium hydroxide and iodoform) was used in our patient for apexification. A success rate of 100% was found in a study that used a calcium hydroxide- iodoform mixture as the intracanal medicament, wherein, the average time for the apical barrier to form was found to be 6.09 mnth [15].

How do you make triple antibiotic paste?

Preparation of triple antibiotic paste

3Mix NO alternate with iodoform: It is prepared using metronidazole 30%, clindamycin 30%, ciprofloxacin 30%, iodoform 10% with a macrogol and propylene glycol (MP) paste.

What is the difference between Apexification and Apexogenesis?

Apexification is a method of inducing a calcified barrier at the apex of a nonvital tooth with incomplete root formation. Apexogenesis refers to a vital pulp therapy procedure performed to encourage physiological development and formation of the root end.

How does mineral trioxide aggregate work?

The mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a dental material with biocompatibility properties to oral and dental tissues. MTA was developed for dental root repair in endodontic treatment and it is formulated from commercial Portland cement, combined with bismuth oxide powder for radiopacity.

When do you use Apexification and Apexogenesis?

Apexogenesis, which can be used when the pulp is injured but not necrotic, leaves the apical one-third of the dental pulp in the tooth, allowing the root to complete formation. Apexification stimulates cells in the periapical area of the tooth to form a dentin-like substance over the apex.

What is difference between pulpotomy and Apexogenesis?

Apexogenesis is a treatment in preserving vital pulp tissue in the apical part of a root canal to allow the completion in formation of the root apex. This clinical procedure is essentially a deep pulpotomy, aimed to preserve the pulp in immature teeth that have deep pulpal inflammation.

What is direct pulp capping?

DIRECT PULP CAPPING

The direct pulp cap, in which a material is placed directly over the exposed pulp tissue, has been suggested as a way to promote pulp healing and generate reparative dentin. If successful, this procedure precludes the need for more invasive, more extensive and more expensive treatment.

How do I remove MTA?

Removal of MTA from dentin by applying 37% hydrochloric acid (HCl) to reduce microhardness and push-out bond strength.

Who introduced apexification?

The use of calcium hydroxide was first introduced by Kaiser (20) in 1964 who proposed that this material mixed with camphorated parachlorophenol (CMCP) would induce the formation of a calcified barrier across the apex.

What is apexification Recalcification?

Apexification is a procedure used to stimulate root development or closing of the root end (i.e., open apex). An open apex is often found in teeth that are not fully developed (“immature”) or whose roots have been eroded away by a process known as resorption.

What is Metapex?

A temporary root canal filling material with excellent radiopacity, Metapex is an antibacterial, premixed paste composed of calcium hydroxide with iodoform. Priced at less than half the cost of leading brands, Metapex is ideal for many applications: Exposed pulp in capping and pulpotomy.

What is MTA made of?

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is composed of Portland cement, with 4:1 addition of bismuth oxide added so that the material can be detected on a radiograph. The cement is made up of calcium, silicon and aluminium. The main constituent phases are tricalcium and dicalcium silicate and tricalcium aluminate.

What is MTA used for in dentistry?

MTA is used for creating apical plugs during apexification, repairing root perforations during root canal therapy, and treating internal root resorption. This can be used for root-end filling material and as pulp capping material.

Can MTA be used for pulp capping?

MTA is a new and biocompatible biomaterial used for dental practice. It has been proved to be an excellent material for repairing of root perforations, apexification, root-end filling, repairing of root resorption and pulp capping.

Is apexification a vital pulp therapy?

Apexification, otherwise known as vital pulp therapy, can help strengthen your natural tooth and keep it healthy for a longer period of time. This is done through an extensive process of tooth restoration and is considered one of the most significant restoration processes in dentistry.

What is pulp revascularization?

Pulp revascularization is dependent on the ability of residual pulp and apical and periodontal stem cells to differentiate. These cells have the ability to generate a highly vascularized and a conjunctive rich living tissue. This one is able to colonize the available pulp space.

Is Apexogenesis a procedure?

Apexogenesis is a procedure where vital tissue within the tooth is maintained to facilitate continued development of the immature root. A portion of inflamed pulp is removed and filled with a bioceramic material that maintains vitality in the roots. Healthy tissue then allows for continued root development.

What is calcium hydroxide paste?

Pure calcium hydroxide paste has a high pH (approximately 12.5-12.8) and is classified chemically as a strong base. Its main actions are achieved through the ionic dissociation of Ca(2+) and OH(-) ions and their effect on vital tissues, the induction of hard-tissue deposition and the antibacterial properties.

How do you make a double antibiotic paste?

The double antibiotic paste was prepared freshly by mixing USP grade antibiotic powders compounded of equal portions of metronidazole and ciprofloxacin (Kerala State Drugs and Pharmaceuticals, Alappuzha District, Kerala) with reverse osmosis water in the P/L ratio of 2.5:1 in a concentration of 0.1 mg/ml.

What is the best antibiotic for root canal infection?

Antibiotics of the penicillin class, such as penicillin and amoxicillin, are most commonly used to help treat tooth infections. An antibiotic called metronidazole may be given for some types of bacterial infections. It's sometimes prescribed with penicillin in order to cover a larger variety of bacterial species.