What is the most common Urolith in horses?

Calcium carbonate crystals may be found in normal equine urine, and therefore calcium carbonate is the most common urolith type.

How common are bladder stones in horses?

In general, bladder stones are rare in horses because a horse's body is designed to excrete excessive calcium through the kidneys. Any breakdown in the physiology or anatomy that normally protects a horse from getting a bladder stone could make that individual prone for recurrence of the problem.

What is the most common composition of uroliths?

The analysis of the uroliths showed that their composition ranged from 40–100% AMCP and 0–60% struvite.

Are calcium carbonate crystals normal in horse urine?

Horses normally excrete a large amount of calcium carbonate crystals in their urine and have an alkaline (high) pH which favors crystallization but there are also are factors found in horse urine, including mucous and proteins which prevent stone formation. There are two types of urinary stones found in horses.

What is a struvite Urolith?

Struvite Urolithiasis

Struvite uroliths are comprised of magnesium, ammonium and phosphate and especially like to form in urine that is alkaline (higher pH). In dogs, struvite uroliths commonly occur when there is a concurrent urinary tract infection (UTI).

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What is Urohydropropulsion?

Voiding urohydropropulsion is a nonsurgical method of removing uroliths from the urinary bladder. Any urocystolith of sufficient size to pass through the distended urethral lumen can be safely and effectively removed by this technique.

What causes ammonium Biurate crystals in urine?

The formation of ammonium urate crystals can be caused by a combination of factors including decreased urine volume or a condition that alkalinizes (increases the pH of) urine, such as a vegetarian diet, urinary tract infection or some medications.

What causes calcium carbonate crystals in urine?

The formation of calcium carbonate crystals can be caused by a combination of factors including decreased urine volume or a condition that alkalinizes (increases the pH of) urine, such as a vegetarian diet, chronic diarrhea, urinary tract infections or certain medications.

What does calcium oxalate crystals in urine indicate?

Calcium oxalate crystals are heavily associated with kidney stones, which can form when too much oxalate (found in such foods as spinach) is in the system. Kidney stone symptoms include severe groin or abdominal pain, nausea, fever, and difficulty passing urine.

Is apple cider vinegar good for horses?

Apple Cider Vinegar works to acidify the horse's stomach for better digestion, cleansing the digestic tract. It can also aid in the absorption of minerals and helps balance the acid/alkaline ratio which is essential for good health.

What is the most common Urolith in cats?

Calcium oxalate uroliths are the most common feline uroliths and the most common nephrolith, although their underlying cause is unknown. Common management schemes that involve feeding urine-acidifying diets with reduced magnesium have reduced the incidence of feline struvite urolithiasis.

Is struvite radiolucent?

Struvite stones

They can grow very large and form a cast of the renal pelvis and calyces resulting in so-called staghorn calculi. The struvite accounts for ~70% of these calculi and is usually mixed with calcium phosphate thus rendering them radiopaque. Uric acid and cystine are also found as minor components.

What is crystal urea?

Crystalluria refers to cloudy urine when the cause of cloudiness is due to crystals found in the urine when performing a urine test. Crystalluria is considered often as a benign condition and as one of the side effects of sulfonamides and penicillins. Crystalluria.

How do you prevent bladder stones in horses?

Keeping urine dilute may help prevent stone formation. So any tricks you can use to keep your horses drinking lots of water will help (flavoring water, feeding mashes, salt supplementation). Minimizing use of drugs like NSAIDs that are damaging to the kidney will also help.

Can alfalfa cause kidney stones in horses?

Alfalfa (lucerne) products, whether hay, cubes, or pellets, are not known to cause kidney problems in horses.

How do you prevent stones in horses?

How can enteroliths be prevented? Enteroliths can be managed by cutting down on alfalfa so that it makes up <50% of the diet, reducing or eliminating bran, adding apple cider vinegar to hay or grain daily, and increasing the grain ratio to decrease the pH level in the colon.

How do you prevent calcium oxalate crystals in urine?

How do you treat calcium oxalate crystals in urine?

Prescription doses of vitamin B-6 can be effective in reducing oxalate in the urine in some people with primary hyperoxaluria. Oral preparations of phosphates and citrate help prevent the formation of calcium oxalate crystals.

What causes high oxalate in urine?

But too much oxalate in your urine can cause serious problems. Hyperoxaluria can be caused by inherited (genetic) disorders, an intestinal disease or eating too many oxalate-rich foods. The long-term health of your kidneys depends on early diagnosis and prompt treatment of hyperoxaluria.

Are kidney stones calcium carbonate?

Kidney stones come in a variety of mineral types: Calcium stones: Most kidney stones are composed of calcium and oxalate. Many people who form calcium containing stones have too much calcium in their urine, a condition known as hypercalciuria There are several reasons why hypercalciuria may occur.

What foods cause crystals in urine?

There are many things that can cause crystals to form in urine. They include: Dehydration (not drinking enough water). Eating large amounts of certain foods, including protein, salt, fruits and vegetables.

What foods have calcium carbonate?

What is ammonium Biurate crystals?

Ammonium biurate crystals are large, amber, rounded crystals with pointed protuberances along their surface. They are typically seen in cases of portal-systemic shunts, but may be seen with urate uroliths, or normally in Dalmatians or English Bulldogs.