What is sulphonation of phenol?

Sulphonation of Phenol. The reaction of the phenol with concentrated sulphuric acid is called sulphonation of phenol. The sulphonation product is determined by the operating temperature. At a low temperature, phenol reacts with the concentrated H2SO4 to form o-phenol sulphonic acid.
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What is sulphonation process?

The air/SO3 sulfonation process is a direct process in which SO3 gas is diluted with very dry air and reacted directly with the organic feedstock. The source of the SO3 gas may be either liquid SO3 or SO3 produced by burning sulfur.
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What is the major product of sulphonation of phenol?

If sulphonation of phenol is carried out at a high temperature 4-phenol sulphonic acid is obtained. i.e the para isomer is the major product.
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What is sulphonation explain with suitable example?

Sulfonation is a reversible reaction that produces benzenesulfonic acid by adding sulfur trioxide and fuming sulfuric acid. The reaction is reversed by adding hot aqueous acid to benzenesulfonic acid to produce benzene.
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What is sulphonation Class 11?

Sulphonation of benzene is a process of heating benzene with fuming sulphuric acid (H 2SO 4 +SO 3) to produce benzenesulphonic acid. The reaction is reversible in nature.
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Phenol Halogenation with Mechanism + Reduction with Zn + Oxidation + Sulphonation || NEET JEE



What is sulphonation in organic chemistry?

Sulfonation: A chemical reaction which introduces the sulfonic acid functional group (-SO3H) into a molecule. Sulfonation with sulfur trioxide and sulfuric acid converts benzene into benzene sulfonic acid.
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What is sulphonation aniline?

Sulphonation. Sulphuric acid reacts vigorously with aniline to form anilinium hydrogen sulphate which on heating produces sulphanilic acid which in turn also has a resonating structure with zwitter ion as shown in the above figure.
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What is the importance of sulfonation?

Sulfonation plays an essential role in the biotransformation of endogenous compounds such as hormones and neurotransmitters as well as xenobiotics.
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What is electrophile in sulphonation?

The electrophile is sulphur trioxide, and this arises in one of two ways depending on which sort of acid you are using. Concentrated sulphuric acid contains traces of SO3 due to slight dissociation of the acid.
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What is the mechanism of sulphonation of benzene?

The electrophilic substitution reaction between benzene and sulfuric acid. There are two equivalent ways of sulfonating benzene: Heat benzene under reflux with concentrated sulfuric acid for several hours. Warm benzene under reflux at 40°C with fuming sulfuric acid for 20 to 30 minutes.
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What is oxidation of phenol?

Phenols are rather easily oxidized despite the absence of a hydrogen atom on the hydroxyl bearing carbon. Among the colored products from the oxidation of phenol by chromic acid is the dicarbonyl compound para-benzoquinone (also known as 1,4-benzoquinone or simply quinone); an ortho isomer is also known.
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What is reduction of phenol?

Reduction of phenol : Phenol is reduced to benzene by passing its vapours over-heated zinc dust. bond. 'A' on ozonolysis gives two moles of an aldehyde of molar mass 44 amu.
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What is alkylation of phenol?

An overall phenol alkylation reaction can be described as a multistep process consisting of a neutral-pathway leading to the early O-alkylation, followed by a serial of ionic rearrangements resulting in the final C-alkylations.
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Why SO3 is used in Sulphonation?

Conventionally sulfonation is done by sulphuric acid or oleum. But with SO3 sulfonation process has the following advantages. It is more direct and considerably faster than the present process. It requires fewer man hours and, therefore, is more economical.
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What is the difference between sulfonation and sulfation?

Sulfonation and sulfation are two important chemical processes used in many industries to add a sulfur-containing group to an organic compound. The main difference between sulfonation and sulfation is that sulfonation involves the formation of a C-S bond whereas sulfation involves the formation of a C-O-S bond.
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Which electrophile is generated in sulphonation reaction?

Step by step answer:

All steps of sulphonation are reversible. The sulphuric acid generates an electrophile sulphur trioxide. Second, the attack of benzene on electrophile: The attack of benzene on electrophile generates a positive charge on the ring which is delocalized.
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Which is the electrophile in sulphonation reaction How is it generated?

Sulphonation of benzene is a reversible reaction. -The mixture of sulphur trioxide and sulphuric acid is known as fuming sulphuric acid. We know that oxygen has high electronegativity. Thus, oxygen in sulphuric acid pulls an electron toward itself and generates an electrophile ${\text{S}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}$.
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Which reagent is used for sulphonation of benzene?

Answer: fuming sulphuric acid is used as a reagent in sulphonation reaction. Explanation: Sulphonation:- Basically Sulfonation is a reaction of benzene with fuming sulphuric acid , in this process benzene is heated with fuming sulphuric acid that gives benzenesulfonic acid and the nature of this reaction is reversible.
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What is the cofactor in sulfonation?

Sulfonation reactions (also less correctly known as sulfation reactions) consist in a sulfate being transferred from the cofactor 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to the substrate under catalysis by a sulfotransferase.
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When aniline undergoes sulphonation then which of the following product will form?

Aniline gives p- benzene sulphonic acid (Sulphanilic acid), on sulphonation.
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What is the purpose of acylation of aniline?

Acetylation is often used to place an acetyl protecting group on primary or secondary amines to reduce their reactivity toward oxidizing agents or electrophiles.
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What is meant by electrophilic substitution reaction?

Electrophilic substitution reactions are chemical reactions in which an electrophile displaces a functional group in a compound, which is typically, but not aromatic substitution reactions are characteristic of aromatic compounds and are common ways of introducing functional groups into benzene rings.
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What reagent is sulfonation?

Sulfonation with oleum and sulfuric acid

Oleum and sulfuric acid are widely used sulfonation and sulfation reagents, although reactions with these reagents require corrosion-resistant materials of construction.
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What is sulphonation of aromatic compounds discuss its mechanism?

Aromatic sulfonation is an organic reaction in which a hydrogen atom on an arene is replaced by a sulfonic acid functional group in an electrophilic aromatic substitution. Aryl sulfonic acids are used as detergents, dye, and drugs.
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